"Turn on the TV Alexa. I want to watch the BBC news." (Alexa does.)

"টিভিটো অন কৰক এলেক্সা। মই বিবিচি নিউজ চাব বিচাৰো।" (এলেক্সাই কৰে।)

"And now switch on the fan and lock the door."

"আৰু এতিয়া ফেনখন চলাওক আৰু দৰ্জাখন তলা মাৰক।"

Alexa will obey all your instructions without any delay if you have compatible smart home devices that you can control with your voice.

যদি আপোনাৰ ওচৰত মাত্ৰেৰে নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পৰা স্মাৰ্ট হোম ডিভাইচ আছে, তেন্তে এলেক্সাই কোনো পলম নকৰাকৈ আপোনাৰ সকলো নিৰ্দেশ মানি চলিব।

With the help of Alexa, you can easily play music, get weather updates, order groceries, and so on.

এলেক্সাৰ সহায়ত আপুনি সহজেই গান বজাব পাৰে, বতৰৰ খবৰ পাব পাৰে, গেলামালৰ সামগ্ৰী অৰ্ডাৰ কৰিব পাৰে, আৰু বহুত কিবাকিবি কৰিব পাৰে।

Alexa is not only a voice assistant but it's also an Al engine.

এলেক্সা কেৱল এটা ভইচ এচিষ্টেণ্ট নহয়, ই এটা এআই (AI) ইঞ্জিনো।

What is Al or artificial intelligence?

এআই বা কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা কি?

It's a term used for the intelligence of machines or software.

ই মেচিন বা ছফ্টৱেৰৰ বুদ্ধিমত্তাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা শব্দ।

Al has already entered our lifestyles in various daily activities like social media, e-banking, chatbots, healthcare, gaming, navigation, self-driving vehicles, facial recognition technology, etc.

ছচিয়েল মিডিয়া, ই-বেংকিং, চেটবট, স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা, গেমিং, নেভিগেচন, চালকবিহীন বাহন, মুখমণ্ডল চিনাক্তকৰণ প্ৰযুক্তি আদি বিভিন্ন দৈনন্দিন কাৰ্য্যকলাপৰ জৰিয়তে এআই ইতিমধ্যে আমাৰ জীৱনশৈলীত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে।

Now Al is the backbone of technological progress.

এতিয়া এআই হৈছে প্ৰযুক্তিগত অগ্ৰগতিৰ মেৰুদণ্ড।

Advanced Al machines have human-like cognitive abilities.

উন্নত এআই মেচিনবোৰৰ মানুহৰ দৰে বৌদ্ধিক ক্ষমতা থাকে।

It includes capabilities like language interpretation, pattern recognition, knowledge acquisition, etc.

ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত ভাষাৰ ব্যাখ্যা, আৰ্হি চিনাক্তকৰণ, জ্ঞান আহৰণ আদি ক্ষমতাবোৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।

It also has the capability like solving real-world problems.

বাস্তৱ জগতৰ সমস্যা সমাধান কৰাৰ দৰে ক্ষমতাও ইয়াৰ আছে।

For example, self-driving cars use Al to analyze sensor data, make realtime decision, and navigate safely on roads.

উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, চালকবিহীন গাড়ীবোৰে ছেন্সৰ ডাটা বিশ্লেষণ কৰিবলৈ, বাস্তৱ সময়ৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ল'বলৈ আৰু ৰাস্তাত নিৰাপদে গাড়ী চলাবলৈ এআই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।

Banks and credit companies use Al to detect fraudulent transactions by analyzing transaction patterns and anomalies in realtime.

বেংক আৰু ক্ৰেডিট কোম্পানীবোৰে বাস্তৱ সময়ত লেনদেনৰ আৰ্হি আৰু অস্বাভাৱিকতাসমূহ বিশ্লেষণ কৰি প্ৰতাৰণামূলক লেনদেন ধৰা পেলাবলৈ এআই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।

Suppose, you want to book an LPG cylinder. What you have to do is just dial the number.

ধৰি লওক, আপুনি এটা এলপিজি চিলিণ্ডাৰ বুকিং কৰিব বিচাৰে। আপুনি কেৱল নম্বৰটো ডায়েল কৰিব লাগে।

A voice will instruct you what to do and confirm your booking.

এটা কণ্ঠস্বৰে আপোনাক কি কৰিব লাগে নিৰ্দেশ দিব আৰু আপোনাৰ বুকিং নিশ্চিত কৰিব।

In this process, Al works.

এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোত, এআইয়ে কাম কৰে।

Al also works as a language interpreter.

এআইয়ে ভাষা অনুবাদক হিচাপেও কাম কৰে।

Suppose, you meet a French man. How will you communicate with him?

ধৰি লওক, আপুনি এজন ফৰাচী মানুহক লগ পালে। আপুনি তেওঁৰ লগত কেনেকৈ কথা পাতিব?

Don't worry, Al will help you. It will translate French into English and you can easily communicate with the person.

চিন্তা নকৰিব, এআইয়ে আপোনাক সহায় কৰিব। ই ফৰাচী ভাষাক ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰিব আৰু আপুনি মানুহজনৰ লগত সহজেই কথা পাতিব পাৰিব।

Google translator is an example of an Al language translator. In many such matters, Al works efficiently.

গুগল ট্ৰেন্সলেটৰ হৈছে এআই ভাষা অনুবাদকৰ এটা উদাহৰণ। এনে বহুতো ক্ষেত্ৰত, এআইয়ে অতি সুচাৰুৰূপে কাম কৰে।

However, Al lacks independent thought and creativity which are the basis of scientific research and discovery.

অৱশ্যে, এআইৰ স্বতন্ত্ৰ চিন্তা আৰু সৃষ্টিশীলতাৰ অভাৱ, যিটো বৈজ্ঞানিক গৱেষণা আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰৰ মূল ভিত্তি।

The journey of human civilization from the primitive to the present day is amazing.

আদিম যুগৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানৰ দিনলৈ মানৱ সভ্যতাৰ যাত্ৰা সঁচাকৈয়ে আচৰিত।

Our Mother Earth is millions and millions of years old. Life came into existence much later.

আমাৰ মাতৃ পৃথিৱীৰ বয়স লাখ লাখ বছৰ। জীৱৰ অস্তিত্ব বহুত পলমকৈহে আহিছিল।

The first living things that came into existence were probably soft jelly-like substances without any shells or bones and were living in the sea.

পৃথিৱীত প্ৰথমে অস্তিত্ব লাভ কৰা জীৱবোৰ সম্ভৱতঃ কোনো খোলা বা হাড় নথকা কোমল জেলিৰ দৰে পদাৰ্থ আছিল আৰু সাগৰত বাস কৰিছিল।

Gradually, other living beings came into existence- first, the simple animals and later more complex ones like humans.

লাহে লাহে, আন জীৱবোৰৰো অস্তিত্ব আহিল- প্ৰথমে, সৰল প্ৰাণীবোৰ আৰু পিছলৈ মানুহৰ দৰে জটিল প্ৰাণীবোৰ।

Man, when he first came, must have been surrounded by many huge animals and he must have lived in fear of them.

মানুহ যেতিয়া প্ৰথম পৃথিৱীলৈ আহিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ নিশ্চয় বহুতো বিশাল প্ৰাণীৰ দ্বাৰা আৱৰি আছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ ভয়ত জীয়াই থাকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।

But, today, man is the master of the world. How has it become possible?

কিন্তু, আজি মানুহ পৃথিৱীৰ গৰাকী। ই কেনেকৈ সম্ভৱ হৈছে?

It's obviously not by physical strength because many animals are stronger than men.

স্পষ্টতঃ ই শাৰীৰিক শক্তিৰ দ্বাৰা হোৱা নাই কাৰণ বহুতো প্ৰাণী মানুহতকৈ শক্তিশালী।

But it has become possible by his intelligence and the ability to think which separate him from other animals.

কিন্তু ই সম্ভৱ হৈছে তেওঁৰ বুদ্ধিমত্তা আৰু চিন্তা কৰাৰ ক্ষমতাৰ দ্বাৰা যিয়ে তেওঁক আন প্ৰাণীৰ পৰা পৃথক কৰে।

This evolution of human beings is based on his inquisitiveness which leads to different discoveries and scientific inventions- from the discovery of fire to agriculture, from electricity to computers and artificial intelligence.

মানুহৰ এই বিৱৰ্তন তেওঁৰ অনুসন্ধিৎসাৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত যিয়ে জুই আৱিষ্কাৰৰ পৰা কৃষিলৈ, বিদ্যুতৰ পৰা কম্পিউটাৰলৈ আৰু কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তালৈকে বিভিন্ন আৱিষ্কাৰ আৰু বৈজ্ঞানিক উদ্ভাৱনৰ দিশত লৈ গৈছে।

AI is the latest invention by man. It has brought about a revolutionary change in the world.

এআই হৈছে মানুহৰ শেহতীয়া আৱিষ্কাৰ। ই পৃথিৱীত এক বৈপ্লৱিক পৰিৱৰ্তন আনিছে।

But we must remember that human existence is possible only if we keep our Mother Earth suitable for living beings.

কিন্তু আমি মনত ৰখা উচিত যে মানৱৰ অস্তিত্ব তেতিয়াহে সম্ভৱ যদি আমি আমাৰ মাতৃ পৃথিৱীক জীৱ-জন্তুৰ বাবে বাসোপযোগী কৰি ৰাখোঁ।

Whatever height we achieve, we should not forget that our first duty is to protect Mother Nature without whom no life can survive.

আমি যিমানেই উচ্চতা অৰ্জন নকৰো কিয়, আমি পাহৰি যোৱা উচিত নহয় যে আমাৰ প্ৰথম কৰ্তব্য হ'ল প্ৰকৃতিক ৰক্ষা কৰা যাৰ অবিহনে কোনো জীৱ জীয়াই থাকিব নোৱাৰে।

1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

a) What is Alexa?
Ans: Alexa is a voice assistant and an AI engine that can easily play music, get weather updates, order groceries, and control smart home devices based on voice instructions.

b) What is the full form of AI?
Ans: The full form of AI is Artificial Intelligence.

c) What is AI?
Ans: AI or Artificial Intelligence is a term used for the intelligence of machines or software that have human-like cognitive abilities to interpret language, recognize patterns, and solve real-world problems.

d) In which areas of our life has AI entered?
Ans: AI has entered various areas of our daily lives like social media, e-banking, chatbots, healthcare, gaming, navigation, self-driving vehicles, and facial recognition technology.

e) What cognitive abilities does advanced AI include?
Ans: Advanced AI includes cognitive abilities like language interpretation, pattern recognition, knowledge acquisition, and the capability of solving real-world problems.

2. Write a brief note on the evolution of human beings from the primitive to the present day.

Ans: Life on earth started much later after its formation. The first living beings were soft jelly-like substances living in the sea. Gradually, simple animals evolved, and eventually complex beings like humans came into existence. Early humans lived in fear of huge animals. However, through evolution driven by their inquisitiveness, intelligence, and ability to think, humans made scientific discoveries—from fire and agriculture to electricity, computers, and AI—eventually becoming the master of the world.

3. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

• a) Google Translator is an example of an Al language translator. → True
• b) Al has the ability to think independently. → False
• c) The earth and life came into existence at the same time. → False
• d) The first living things on earth were without shells and bones. → True
• e) Man has mastered animals through his intelligence and the ability to think. → True

Activity 1: Revision of tense (Rewrite the sentences using the correct tense form)

a) I saw him a week ago.

b) The boy is sleeping, don't disturb him.

c) His father had died before the doctor arrived.

d) I have been working on this project for the last two years.

e) When we went to him, he was teaching his students.

f) If I were you, I would not do that.

g) He comes here every Monday.

h) Mr. Sharma left for England last Sunday.

i) Ram went out after he had locked the door.

j) Amal has been doing this work for six months.

k) They have just arrived from New York.

l) Have you ever been to London?

m) I bought a new bicycle last week.

n) He was killed in the battle last year.

o) The baby is crying because it is hungry.

p) I have known him for a long time.

q) She is climbing a tree.

1. Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper about reckless driving on the roads of your city.

---

[Your Address]

[City, Pin Code]

To

The Editor

The Assam Tribune

Tribune Buildings, Chandmari, Ghy-3

Date: [Current Date]

Subject: Reckless driving on the roads of our city.

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw the attention of the traffic police and the concerned authorities towards the growing menace of reckless driving on the roads of our city.

Nowadays, driving on the city roads has become extremely dangerous. Young drivers and bikers often flout traffic rules, drive at breakneck speeds, and overtake from the wrong side. They do not care about the safety of pedestrians or other vehicles. This reckless behavior has led to a sharp increase in the number of road accidents, causing severe injuries and even loss of innocent lives.

The lack of strict vigilance by the traffic police encourages such drivers. Sir, through your daily, I appeal to the concerned authorities to take strict action against those who violate traffic rules. Heavy fines should be imposed, and awareness campaigns regarding road safety should be organized to put an end to this problem.

Sincerely yours,

[Your Name]

2. Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper about bad road condition in your area.

---

[Your Address]

[City, Pin Code]

To

The Editor

The Assam Tribune

Tribune Buildings, Chandmari, Ghy-3

Date: [Current Date]

Subject: Bad road conditions in [Your Area Name].

Sir,

Through the medium of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to highlight the pathetic condition of the roads in our locality, [Your Area Name].

The main roads connecting our area to the rest of the city are full of potholes and uneven surfaces. During the rainy season, these potholes get filled with water, making it impossible for drivers and pedestrians to judge the depth, leading to frequent accidents. The situation is a nightmare for the elderly and school-going children. Moreover, the dust from the broken roads during dry days is causing severe health issues for the residents.

Despite several complaints to the municipal corporation, no concrete action has been taken for repair or maintenance. I urge the concerned authorities to look into this matter immediately and take necessary steps to repair the roads so that the residents can commute safely.

Sincerely yours,

[Your Name]

1. Change the following affirmative sentences into interrogative.

i) Does she want to be a journalist?

ii) Has he agreed to come?

iii) Do they always help us?

iv) Will they help us?

v) Does it rain a lot in June?

vi) Are they eager to leave?

vii) Does she love babies?

viii) Do they feed a lot of cats?

ix) Does he run a store in the city?

x) Did she make a mistake?

xi) Does he know your mother?

xii) Did she complete the task yesterday?

xiii) Do they have a red car?

xiv) Did he gift me a book?

xv) Can Nikita play table tennis nicely?

2. Change the following affirmative sentences into negative.

i) John has not fallen ill.

ii) He does not play hockey.

iii) The thief was not hiding behind a tree.

iv) He was not telling the truth.

v) They did not make her queen.

vi) The roof was not blown off in the storm.

vii) You do not look happy.

viii) The milk did not turn sour.

ix) The peon did not ring the bell.

x) She does not have a lovely voice.

xi) The rumor does not seem true.

xii) We did not wait at the station.

xiii) She did not call me a fool.

xiv) They had not finished their work.

xv) John did not break another glass today.

3. Find out the subordinating and coordinating conjunctions.

Subordinating Conjunctions: as, because, Though, If, that, whom
Coordinating Conjunctions: but, and, or

4. Write whether the following sentences are simple, complex, or compound.

• i) The tiger jumped up and ran away. → Compound
• ii) Slow and steady wins the race. → Simple
• iii) My grandfather was a teacher. → Simple
• iv) He wanted to go out, but it was raining outside. → Compound
• v) The man, who came here yesterday is my uncle. → Complex
• vi) Rohan and Bikash are friends. → Simple
• vii) He gave me a mango. → Simple
• viii) He said that he was innocent. → Complex
• ix) I met him while he was going to the market. → Complex
• x) She likes milk, but I don't. → Compound

5. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct tense form.

i) Several soldiers were killed in the war.

ii) I have known him since my childhood.

iii) They went out after they had locked the door.

iv) The patient had died before the doctor arrived.

v) We will go to Tezpur tomorrow.

vi) The boys have been playing football for two hours.

vii) If you had studied well, you could have passed in the examination.

viii) If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.

ix) If he comes, we will go to the market.

x) Have you ever been to Lakhimpur?

xi) It is time I went home.

xii) They are working on their project now.

xiii) He reads a new book every month.

xiv) I am feeling cold now.

xv) The train will have left by tonight.

xvi) I will have vacated the house by the end of December.

xvii) I will be cooking dinner when you get home.

6. State whether the underlined part is a phrase or a clause.

• i) I see no point in arguing with him. → Phrase
• ii) I saw a man waiting for the bus. → Phrase
• iii) I saw a girl carrying a basket on her head. → Phrase
• iv) He jumped into the river to save the drowning boy. → Phrase
• v) As he was in a hurry, he didn't eat much food. → Clause
• vi) They encouraged him to make another attempt. → Phrase
• vii) When I went to his home, I saw him working in his garage. → Clause
• viii) They encouraged him to make another attempt. → Phrase
• ix) All the planets which belong to the solar system move around the sun. → Clause
• x) The loud noise of the sudden explosion woke up everybody in the neighborhood. → Phrase
• xi) Harish reached the station in time. → Phrase
• xii) He is singing in a melodious voice. → Phrase
• xiii) She bought an interesting story book for his sister. → Phrase
• xiv) Before Rocky starts his workout, he always does some stretching exercises. → Clause
• xv) The mice darted into their underground burrows as the owl dived at them. → Clause