Welcome to PoraGhar Axom! Here you will find the most accurate and complete solutions for Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English - Lesson 8: Antarctica. In this post, we provide a line-by-line Assamese translation, word meanings, textbook Q&A, and detailed grammar exercises (Tenses, Phrasal Verbs & Idioms) to help you score 90%+ in your exams.
Table of Contents đ
- ► Quick Chapter Summary (āϏাā§°াংāĻļ)
- 1. Lesson Translation (āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ)
- 2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ)
- 3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ)
- 4. Comprehension Solutions
- 5. Activities Solutions & Grammar
- 6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
- 7. FAQs on the Chapter
Did You Know? (āĻিāĻŦা āĻাāύাāύে?)
Even though it is covered in thick ice, Antarctica is classified as a desert! This is because a desert is defined by its low amount of rainfall (precipitation), not by its temperature, making Antarctica the largest desert in the world.
đ Quick Chapter Overview
This chapter provides fascinating information about Antarctica, the fifth-largest and southernmost continent. It is the coldest, driest, and windiest place on Earth, technically making it the world's largest desert due to its low rainfall. The lesson discusses its unique wildlife, including various species of whales and the famous Emperor penguins. It also highlights the 'Antarctic Treaty' which ensures the land is used only for peaceful scientific research. Finally, the chapter touches upon the serious threat of global warming, which is causing the ice to melt and threatening global coastlines.
1. Lesson Text & Translation
Before you read:
Do you know what a continent is?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻি āĻাāύেāύে?
Do you know how many continents are there on the earth?
āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻেāĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻে āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻাāύেāύে?
Try to locate Antarctica on a globe with the help of your teacher and look at its map in an atlas.
āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻ্āϞ'āĻŦāϤ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻāϞাāĻāϤ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŽাāύāĻিāϤ্ā§° āĻাāĻāĻ।
(There are seven continents on the earth. A continent is one of several very large landmasses. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on the earth.)
(āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āϏাāϤāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻে। āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻš'āϞ āĻেāĻāĻŦাāĻāύো āĻ
āϤি āĻĄাāĻā§° āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻাāĻā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻāύ। āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖāϤ āĻ
ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।)
Antarctica is on the South Pole. It is located at the bottom of the globe.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ। āĻ āĻ্āϞ'āĻŦā§° āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āϤāϞāϤ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।
Almost all of Antarctica is located within the Antarctic Circle, an imaginary line that circles the southern part of the world.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āϏāĻŽāĻ্ā§° āĻ ংāĻļ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ, āϝিāĻĄাāϞ āĻāĻা āĻাāϞ্āĻĒāύিāĻ ā§°েāĻা āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻ ংāĻļāĻ āĻā§ąā§°ি āĻĨাāĻে।
Around Antarctica is the Southern Ocean.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻā§° āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।
It is the fifth largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America and South America.
āĻāĻিāϝ়া, āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻা, āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻŽেā§°িāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻŽেā§°িāĻাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻŽাāĻিāĻাāϞিā§° āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ āĻĒāĻ্āĻāĻŽ āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।
Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻļীāϤāϞ, āĻļুāώ্āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŦāϤাāĻšāĻŽāϝ় āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।
No humans live in Antarctica permanently.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϤ āĻোāύো āĻŽাāύুāĻš āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ীāĻাā§ąে āĻŦাāϏ āύāĻā§°ে।
Most of the people who live in Antarctica are scientists and support staff.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°া āĻŦেāĻিāĻাāĻ āĻŽাāύুāĻšেāĻ āĻš'āϞ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύী āĻā§°ু āϏāĻšাāϝ়āĻ āĻā§°্āĻŽāĻাā§°ী।
Antarctica is considered to be a desert.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻŦুāϞি āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
A desert is a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it.
āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻš'āϞ āĻĒাāύী āĻ āϤি āĻāĻŽ āĻĨāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻ āϤি āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻ-āĻāĻāύি āĻāĻা āĻāĻāύ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ।
Many deserts are covered by sand. The Sahara desert is one of them.
āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻŦাāϞিā§°ে āĻāĻŦৃāϤ। āĻাāĻšাā§°া āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āϤাā§°ে āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻāύ।
But there is no sand in Antarctica.
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϤ āĻোāύো āĻŦাāϞি āύাāĻ।
Then why is it considered to be a desert?
āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻŦুāϞি āĻিāϝ় āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়?
It is a desert because of its low rainfall.
āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি।
Deserts are extremely dry places with little or no precipitation.
āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻš'āϞ āĻ āϤি āĻāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āĻ āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻļুāώ্āĻ āĻ াāĻ।
Precipitation is the amount of rain, snow etc., that falls in an area.
āĻŦā§°্āώāĻŖ (Precipitation) āĻš'āϞ āĻোāύো āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞāϤ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ, āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āĻāĻĻিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ।
As there is no rain in Antarctica, it is called a desert.
āϝিāĻšেāϤু āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϤ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āύāĻšāϝ়, āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ়।
It is in fact the biggest desert in the world!
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤāϤে āĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি!
It is significantly bigger than the world's largest hot desert, the Sahara in Africa.
āĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽি, āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻাā§° āĻাāĻšাā§°াāϤāĻৈ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āĻĄাāĻā§°।
During winter (from March to August) at the South Pole, the sun does not rise above the horizon.
āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞāϤ (āĻŽাā§°্āĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻāώ্āĻāϞৈ) āϏূā§°্āϝ āĻĻিāĻāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āύুāĻ ে।
In summer (from September to February) the sun does not set for a long duration.
āĻ্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻাāϞāϤ (āĻেāĻĒ্āĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĢেāĻŦ্ā§°ুā§ąাā§°ীāϞৈ) āĻĻীā§°্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏূā§°্āϝ āĻ āϏ্āϤ āύাāϝাāϝ়।
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by a layer of ice which is over a mile deep.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§¯ā§Ž% āĻ ংāĻļ āĻāϝোā§°া āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āϤ⧰āĻĒেā§°ে āĻāĻŦৃāϤ āϝি āĻāĻ āĻŽাāĻāϞāϤāĻৈāĻ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻāĻীā§°।
It is also about 90% of world's ice.
āĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŽুāĻ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ⧝ā§Ļ%।
All that ice amounts to 70% of the world's fresh water.
āϏেāĻ āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āĻŽিāϞি āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āύিā§°্āĻŽāϞ āĻĒাāύীā§° ā§ā§Ļ% āĻšāϝ়।
The average temperature in the interior of Antarctica is between -67° and -76° Fahrenheit.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰⧰ āĻāĻĄ় āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া -ā§Ŧā§° ā§° āĻĒā§°া -ā§ā§Ŧ° āĻĢাā§°েāύāĻšাāĻāĻā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻĨাāĻে।
Antarctica's climate is inhospitable and therefore it has low biodiversity.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻূāϞ āĻā§°ু āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻৈā§ą āĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ āĻāĻŽ।
However, several species of whale such as Blue Whale, Fin Whale, Humpback Whale and Sperm Whale are found in the sea around Antarctica.
āĻ ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āϏাāĻā§°āϤ āĻŦ্āϞু āϤিāĻŽি, āĻĢিāύ āϤিāĻŽি, āĻšাāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻŦেāĻ āϤিāĻŽি āĻā§°ু āϏ্āĻĒাā§°্āĻŽ āϤিāĻŽি āĻāĻĻি āĻেāĻāĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāϤিā§° āϤিāĻŽি āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ়।
The most famous inhabitants of this icy desert are its penguins.
āĻāĻ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻŽā§°ুāĻূāĻŽিā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻা āĻš'āϞ āĻĒেংāĻুāĻāύ।
Different species of penguins breed here.
āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāϤিā§° āĻĒেংāĻুāĻāύে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύāύ āĻā§°ে।
Emperor penguins are the largest of all penguins.
āϏāĻŽ্ā§°াāĻ āĻĒেংāĻুāĻāύ (Emperor penguins) āϏāĻāϞো āĻĒেংāĻুāĻāύ⧰ āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĄাāĻā§°।
Penguins are flightless birds.
āĻĒেংāĻুāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া āĻā§°াāĻ।
They are not able to fly; their wings are developed for swimmimg rather than flying.
āϏিāĻšঁāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ়; āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āĻĄেāĻāĻাāĻŦোā§° āĻā§°াāϤāĻৈ āϏাঁāϤোā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻšে āĻŦিāĻāĻļিāϤ āĻšৈāĻে।
They huddle together to escape the cruel wind of Antarctica and to conserve warmth.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āύিāώ্āĻ ুā§° āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻুāĻŽ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻĨাāĻে।
Besides these, many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista and certain other animals such as mites, nematodes, seals and tardigrades etc., are found here.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĒā§°িāĻ āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻŦāĻšু āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻļেāϞাāĻ, āĻŦেāĻ্āĻেā§°িāϝ়া, āĻেঁāĻুā§°, āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻ, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻিāώ্āĻা āĻā§°ু āĻāύ āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āϝেāύে- āĻŽাāĻāĻāĻ, āύিāĻŽাāĻ'āĻĄ, āĻীāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻাā§°্āĻĄিāĻ্ā§°েāĻĄ āĻāĻĻি āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ়।
Antarctica is such a continent that does not have any administrative unit.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻāύে āĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āϝাā§° āĻোāύো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύিāĻ āĻোāĻ āύাāĻ।
Various countries have claimed parts of Antarctica but these claims are not always recognised by other countries.
āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻিāĻু āĻ ংāĻļ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻā§°িāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāύ āĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšে āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āϏ্āĻŦীāĻৃāϤি āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে।
Antarctica is protected by the 'Antarctic Treaty'.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা 'āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤি'ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏুā§°āĻ্āώিāϤ।
This treaty prevents countries from claiming parts of Antarctica.
āĻāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻ ংāĻļ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻā§°াāϤ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻিāϝ়ে।
It was opened for signature on 1 December 1959 and officially came into force on 23 June 1961.
āĻ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ģ⧝ āĻāύ⧰ ā§§ āĻĄিāĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°āϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ্āώ⧰⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽুāĻāϞি āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§§ āĻāύ⧰ ā§¨ā§Š āĻুāύāϤ āĻāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻাā§°্āϝāĻā§°ী āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
At the beginning, twelve countries signed the treaty.
āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻāĻŖিāϤে āĻŦাā§°āĻāύ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤিāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
As of 2019, there are 54 states party to the treaty.
⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āĻāύāϞৈāĻে, āĻāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° ā§Ģā§Ē āĻāύ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§° āĻ ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§° āĻšৈāĻে।
This treaty also ensured that Antarctica could only be used for scientific purposes.
āĻāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াāĻ āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻšে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāĻŦ।
Though it is the coldest place on earth in the contemporary times, researchers say that around 50 million years ago, temperatures in some parts of Antarctica could reach around 63° Fahrenheit or 17° Celsius.
āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻļীāϤāϞ āĻ াāĻ, āĻā§ąেāώāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāϝ় āϝে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Ģ āĻোāĻি āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻāϤে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻ ংāĻļā§° āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Ŧā§Š° āĻĢাā§°েāύāĻšাāĻāĻ āĻŦা ā§§ā§° āĻেāϞāĻিāϝ়াāĻāϞৈāĻে āĻĒাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻিāϞ।
It is said that there was a temperate climate.
āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ় āϝে āϤাāϤ āύাāϤিāĻļীāϤোāώ্āĻŖ āĻāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻāĻিāϞ।
There were evergreen forests all around it and various kinds of animals also lived there.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻিā§°āϏেāĻāĻীāϝ়া āĻ ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āϤাāϤ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীāĻ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
It was home to a rainforest at that time.
āϏেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦā§°্āώাā§°āĻŖ্āϝ⧰ āĻā§° āĻāĻিāϞ।
Unfortunately, in the course of time these were wiped out by lower temperatures and the formation of ice caps.
āĻĻুā§°্āĻাāĻ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻļঃāϤ, āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āϞāĻে āϞāĻে āύিāĻŽ্āύ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻā§°ু āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āϤ⧰āĻĒ āĻāĻ āύ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻāĻŦোā§° āύিঃāĻļেāώ āĻšৈ āĻ'āϞ।
Scientists have proved this with evidence, such as fossils of ferns and forest creatures which are found in Antarctica.
āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύীāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āĻĢাā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°ু āĻ ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻীā§ąাāĻļ্āĻŽā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāĻ āĻāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻে।
Today Antarctica is a harsh place to survive in for its unimaginably cold temperature.
āĻāĻি āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻ āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύীāϝ় āĻļীāϤāϞ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻীāϝ়াāĻ āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻāύ āĻ āϤি āĻāĻ িāύ āĻ াāĻ।
But adventurous people visit Antarctica via the Antarctic Peninsula.
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏী āϞোāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒā§° āĻŽাāĻেā§°ে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϞৈ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°ে।
Antarctic Peninsula is also known as the Banana Belt.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻ 'āĻŦাāύাāĻŖা āĻŦেāϞ্āĻ' (Banana Belt) āĻŦুāϞিāĻ āĻāύা āϝাāϝ়।
Tourists visit Antarctica during Antarctic summer.
āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻ্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻাāϞāϤ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°ে।
Visitors to Antarctica always need a permit.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻāϞāĻ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ āύুāĻŽāϤি āĻĒāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āĻšāϝ়।
Many people have explored Antarctica.
āĻŦāĻšু āϞোāĻে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻে।
To keep Antarctica pristine, a lot of rules are framed to ensure that nothing pollutes the environment of Antarctica.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāĻ āύিā§°্āĻŽāϞ āĻā§°ি ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ, āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϝাāϤে āĻোāύেāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে।
Nobody can carry soil or growing compost to Antarctica because soil may contain plant seeds and other things like eggs or larvae of any soil dwelling invertebrates.
āĻোāύেāĻ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϞৈ āĻŽাāĻি āĻŦা āϏাā§° āĻāĻĸ়িāϝ়াāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāĻিāϤ āĻāĻā§° āĻুāĻি āĻā§°ু āĻāύ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϝেāύে āĻŽাāĻিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°া āĻ āĻŽেā§°ুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻāĻŖী āĻŦা āĻĒāϞু āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
The tourists can't even take anything from Antarctica either.
āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāύāĻি āĻāĻো āϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻŦāĻ āύোā§ąাā§°ে।
Everyone loves having a memento for their travels.
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻেāĻ āύিāĻā§° āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖā§° āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤিāĻিāĻš্āύ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻাāϞ āĻĒাāϝ়।
In Antarctica taking anything is banned.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāϤ āϝিāĻোāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϞোā§ąাāĻো āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ।
These include rocks, feathers, bones, eggs and any kind of biological material including traces of soil.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻļিāϞা, āĻĒাāĻি, āĻšাāĻĄ়, āĻāĻŖী āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻিā§° āĻিāύāĻে āϧ⧰ি āϝিāĻোāύো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻৈā§ąিāĻ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ।
Sir James Clark Ross of Great Britain was one of the most famous explorers of Antarctica.
āĻ্ā§°েāĻ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻেāĻāύ⧰ āĻাā§° āĻেāĻŽāĻ āĻ্āϞাā§°্āĻ ā§°āĻ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻ āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ।
He is considered to be the first man to recognise Antarctica as a continent.
āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāĻ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻৃāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Ronald Amundsen of Norway, Robert Falcon Scott of Great Britain, Sir Douglas Mawson of Australia, Sir Edmund Hillary of New Zealand are some of the explorers who ventured to step onto this icy landmass.
āĻ¨ā§°ā§ąেā§° ā§°োāύাāϞ্āĻĄ āĻāĻŽুāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻেāύ, āĻ্ā§°েāĻ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻেāĻāύ⧰ ā§°āĻŦাā§°্āĻ āĻĢাāϞāĻāύ āϏ্āĻāĻ, āĻ āώ্āĻ্ā§°েāϞিāϝ়াā§° āĻাā§° āĻĄāĻāϞাāĻ āĻŽāĻāύ, āύিāĻāĻিāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻাā§° āĻāĻĄāĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻšিāϞাā§°ী āĻš'āϞ āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°āĻ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāϤ āĻোāĻ āĻĒেāϞোā§ąাā§° āϏাāĻšāϏ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
In present time, global warming is a burning problem.
āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻোāϞāĻীāϝ় āĻāώ্āĻŖāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻāĻা āĻāϞāύ্āϤ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা।
The effect of global warming on Antarctica is clearly seen.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻোāϞāĻীāϝ় āĻāώ্āĻŖāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাā§ąে āĻĻেāĻা āĻৈāĻে।
There has been a gradual rise in temperature of this vast land of ice in the last 50 years.
āϝোā§ąা ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāĻā§°āϤ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻ্ā§°āĻŽাāύ্āĻŦāϝ়ে āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻāĻে।
Rise in temperature eventually may result in the melting of the Antarctic ice which will raise the global sea level.
āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻ ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āĻāϞি āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āϏাāĻā§°ā§° āĻāϞāĻĒৃāώ্āĻ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°িāĻŦ।
This may inundate the global coastline.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āĻāĻĒāĻূāϞীāϝ় āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞ āĻāϞāĻŽāĻ্āύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
Antarctica is very dear to scientists who love our mother planet earth.
āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ āĻাāϞāĻĒোā§ąা āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻা āĻ āϤি āĻŽā§°āĻŽā§°।
It is important for science and is considered to be the biggest natural laboratory of the world.
āĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώাāĻাā§° āĻŦুāϞি āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Antarctica tells us about how our world works and the impact of human activities on the natural world.
āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāĻ āĻāĻŽাāĻ āĻāϝ় āϝে āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻāύে āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻāϤ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻাā§°্āϝāĻāϞাāĻĒā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻি।
It is a unique record of what our planet's climate was like over the past one million years.
āĻ āϝোā§ąা āĻĻāĻš āϞাāĻ āĻŦāĻā§° āϧ⧰ি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻোā§° āĻāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻেāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻāĻিāϞ āϤাā§° āĻāĻ āĻ āύāύ্āϝ āĻ āĻিāϞেāĻ।
We must walk hand in hand towards saving and protecting Antarctica which very few of us will ever visit but on whose good health the future of mankind depends.
āĻāĻŽি āĻāύ্āĻাā§°্āĻāĻিāĻাāĻ ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°ু āϏুā§°āĻ্āώিāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĻিāĻļāϤ āĻšাāϤে āĻšাāϤ āϧ⧰ি āĻāĻāĻŦাāĻĸ়িāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ āϝ'āϞৈ āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽেāĻāĻšে āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝাā§° āϏুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāĻাāϤিā§° āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āύিā§°্āĻā§° āĻā§°ে।
2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ)
3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ)
4. Comprehension Solutions
a) Q: How many continents are there on the earth ? Write the names.
Ans: There are seven continents on the earth. They are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
b) Q: Where is Antarctica ?
Ans: Antarctica is on the South Pole, located at the bottom of the globe.
c) Q: What is a desert ?
Ans: A desert is a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it, characterized by extremely low precipitation.
d) Q: What are the most famous inhabitants of Antarctica ?
Ans: The most famous inhabitants of Antarctica are its penguins.
e) Q: What is precipitation ?
Ans: Precipitation is the amount of rain, snow, etc., that falls in an area.
f) Q: What is the largest hot desert of the world ?
Ans: The Sahara in Africa is the largest hot desert of the world.
Ans: The Antarctic Treaty is a treaty that protects Antarctica and prevents countries from claiming parts of it. It ensures that Antarctica can only be used for scientific purposes. It was opened for signature on 1 December 1959 and officially came into force on 23 June 1961. As of 2019, 54 states are party to this treaty.
(continent, huddle, compost, evidence, inhospitable, circle, impact, escape, inhabitants, invertebrates)
Ans: circle, compost, continent, escape, evidence, huddle, impact, inhabitants, inhospitable, invertebrates.
Now, write words which end in 'most' for the following.
- a) innermost: nearest to the centre or inside of something
- b) outermost: situated at the farthest possible point from the centre
- c) backmost: furthest back
- d) topmost: highest in rank
- e) almost: nearly
- f) utmost: most extreme
- g) leftmost: farthest to the left
- h) foremost: the most important or famous / in a position at the front
5. Activities Solutions & Grammar
Grammar Concept: Future Continuous Tense
The Future Continuous Tense is used to express an action that will be going on at a certain time in the future. We use 'will be' or 'shall be' with the '-ing' form of the verb.
Example: At this time tomorrow, I will be travelling to Guwahati.
- i) Q: I (feel) cold now.
Ans: I feel cold now. - ii) Q: This house (belong) to our uncle nowadays.
Ans: This house belongs to our uncle nowadays. - iii) Q: I (wish) he will come soon.
Ans: I wish he will come soon. - iv) Q: The girl (look) very happy; have you noticed her ?
Ans: The girl looks very happy; have you noticed her? - v) Q: Nishanta (admire) Rina's intelligence since his childhood.
Ans: Nishanta has admired Rina's intelligence since his childhood. - vi) Q: We (remember) his bravery till now.
Ans: We remember his bravery till now. - vii) Q: I (understand) what he feels.
Ans: I understand what he feels.
- i) Q: Our teacher (teach) geography till next November.
Ans: Our teacher will be teaching geography till next November. - ii) Q: The teacher (meet) the boy at this time tomorrow.
Ans: The teacher will be meeting the boy at this time tomorrow. - iii) Q: Gunjan and Krishan (play) badminton at this time tomorrow.
Ans: Gunjan and Krishan will be playing badminton at this time tomorrow. - iv) Q: My mother (write) the story till 10 o'clock tonight.
Ans: My mother will be writing the story till 10 o'clock tonight. - v) Q: Meghna (leave) for Kolkata in an hour.
Ans: Meghna will be leaving for Kolkata in an hour.
6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
Phrasal Verbs (āĻĢ্ā§°েāĻেāϞ āĻাā§°্āĻŦ)
Get at [āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°া / āĻĸুāĻি āĻĒোā§ąা]: The fox tried to get at the ripe grapes.
(āĻļিāϝ়াāϞāĻোā§ąে āĻĒāĻা āĻāĻুā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ (āĻŦা āĻĸুāĻি āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ) āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।)
Get through [āĻļেāώ āĻā§°া / āĻāϤ্āϤীā§°্āĻŖ āĻšোā§ąা]: He got through the homework in time.
(āϤেāĻঁ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻŽāϤে āĻā§°ুā§ąা āĻাāĻŽāĻিāύি āĻļেāώ āĻā§°িāϞে।)
Get on [āĻāĻāĻŦāĻĸ়া / āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāϤি āĻā§°া]: We are getting on well with our studies.
(āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āĻļুāύাāϤ āĻাāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻāĻŦাāĻĸ়িāĻো।)
Get away [āĻĒāϞাāĻ āϏাā§°া / āĻঁāϤ⧰ি āϝোā§ąা]: The thief got away safely.
(āĻোā§°āĻো āύিā§°াāĻĒāĻĻে āĻĒāϞাāĻ āϏাā§°িāϞ।)
Idioms (āĻĢāĻā§°া-āϝোāĻāύা / āĻāϤুā§ąা āĻ াঁāĻ)
At close quarters [āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻāĻā§°āϤে]: They heard a hue and cry at close quarters.
(āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻāĻā§°āϤে āĻāĻা āĻšুāϞāϏ্āĻĨুāϞ āĻļুāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāϞে।)
At home [āĻĒāĻু āĻŦা āĻĻāĻ্āώ]: He is at home in mathematics.
(āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻŖিāϤāϤ āĻĒāĻু āĻŦা āĻĻāĻ্āώ।)
At random [āϝাāĻĻৃāĻ্āĻিāĻāĻাā§ąে / āĻোāύো āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻৈ]: He called out the names at random from the list.
(āϤেāĻঁ āϤাāϞিāĻাāĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāĻĻৃāĻ্āĻিāĻāĻাā§ąে āύাāĻŽāĻŦোā§° āĻŽাāϤি āĻ'āϞ।)
7. FAQs on the Chapter
Q. Why is Antarctica considered a desert?
Ans: Even though it is covered with ice, Antarctica is classified as a desert because it receives extremely low rainfall (precipitation). A desert is an area with very little water and very few plants.
Q. What is the Antarctic Treaty?
Ans: The Antarctic Treaty is an international agreement that protects Antarctica, preventing any country from claiming parts of it. It ensures that the continent is used strictly for peaceful, scientific purposes.
Q. What is the effect of global warming on Antarctica?
Ans: Global warming has caused a gradual rise in the temperature of Antarctica over the last 50 years. This could lead to the melting of the Antarctic ice, which will raise global sea levels and potentially inundate (flood) coastlines around the world.
Final Thoughts
We hope this detailed guide on Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English Lesson 8: Antarctica has been incredibly helpful for your studies. From the icy facts about the continent to the thorough grammar solutions, we have covered it all! Keep reading, stay curious, and if you have any questions, don't hesitate to leave a comment below.
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