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Class 7 English - Lesson 8: Antarctica


Welcome to PoraGhar Axom! Here you will find the most accurate and complete solutions for Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English - Lesson 8: Antarctica. In this post, we provide a line-by-line Assamese translation, word meanings, textbook Q&A, and detailed grammar exercises (Tenses, Phrasal Verbs & Idioms) to help you score 90%+ in your exams.

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Did You Know? (āĻ•িāĻŦা āϜাāύাāύে?)

Even though it is covered in thick ice, Antarctica is classified as a desert! This is because a desert is defined by its low amount of rainfall (precipitation), not by its temperature, making Antarctica the largest desert in the world.

📖 Quick Chapter Overview

This chapter provides fascinating information about Antarctica, the fifth-largest and southernmost continent. It is the coldest, driest, and windiest place on Earth, technically making it the world's largest desert due to its low rainfall. The lesson discusses its unique wildlife, including various species of whales and the famous Emperor penguins. It also highlights the 'Antarctic Treaty' which ensures the land is used only for peaceful scientific research. Finally, the chapter touches upon the serious threat of global warming, which is causing the ice to melt and threatening global coastlines.

1. Lesson Text & Translation

Before you read:

Do you know what a continent is?
āφāĻĒুāύি āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•ি āϜাāύেāύে?

Do you know how many continents are there on the earth?
āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻ•েāχāĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āφāĻ›ে āφāĻĒুāύি āϜাāύেāύে?

Try to locate Antarctica on a globe with the help of your teacher and look at its map in an atlas.
āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻ—্āϞ'āĻŦāϤ āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻāϟāϞাāĻ›āϤ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§° āϚাāĻ“āĻ•।

(There are seven continents on the earth. A continent is one of several very large landmasses. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on the earth.)
(āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āϏাāϤāĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āφāĻ›ে। āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻš'āϞ āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāĻ–āύো āĻ…āϤি āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻ­াāĻ—ā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻ–āύ। āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।)

Antarctica is on the South Pole. It is located at the bottom of the globe.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ। āχ āĻ—্āϞ'āĻŦā§° āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āϤāϞāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।

Almost all of Antarctica is located within the Antarctic Circle, an imaginary line that circles the southern part of the world.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āϏāĻŽāĻ—্ā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ• āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ, āϝিāĻĄাāϞ āĻāϟা āĻ•াāϞ্āĻĒāύিāĻ• ā§°েāĻ–া āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ• āĻ†ā§ąā§°ি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Around Antarctica is the Southern Ocean.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—ā§° āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।

It is the fifth largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America and South America.

āĻāĻ›িāϝ়া, āφāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻ•া, āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āφāĻŽেā§°িāĻ•া āφ⧰ু āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āφāĻŽেā§°িāĻ•াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻŽাāϟিāĻ•াāϞিā§° āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āχ āĻĒāĻž্āϚāĻŽ āĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।

Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻļীāϤāϞ, āĻļুāώ্āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϤাāĻšāĻŽāϝ় āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ।

No humans live in Antarctica permanently.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻŽাāύুāĻš āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ীāĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦাāϏ āύāϕ⧰ে।

Most of the people who live in Antarctica are scientists and support staff.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻŽাāύুāĻšেāχ āĻš'āϞ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύী āφ⧰ু āϏāĻšাāϝ়āĻ• āϕ⧰্āĻŽāϚাā§°ী।

Antarctica is considered to be a desert.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāĻ• āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

A desert is a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it.

āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻš'āϞ āĻĒাāύী āĻ…āϤি āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĨāĻ•া āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϤি āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি āĻ—āϜা āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ­ূāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄ।

Many deserts are covered by sand. The Sahara desert is one of them.

āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦাāϞিā§°ে āφāĻŦৃāϤ। āϚাāĻšাā§°া āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āϤাā§°ে āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻ–āύ।

But there is no sand in Antarctica.

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦাāϞি āύাāχ।

Then why is it considered to be a desert?

āϤেāύ্āϤে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

It is a desert because of its low rainfall.

āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āχ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি।

Deserts are extremely dry places with little or no precipitation.

āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻš'āϞ āĻ…āϤি āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦা āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻļুāώ্āĻ• āĻ াāχ।

Precipitation is the amount of rain, snow etc., that falls in an area.

āĻŦā§°্āώāĻŖ (Precipitation) āĻš'āϞ āĻ•োāύো āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāϤ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ, āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āφāĻĻিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ।

As there is no rain in Antarctica, it is called a desert.

āϝিāĻšেāϤু āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϤ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āύāĻšāϝ়, āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ়।

It is in fact the biggest desert in the world!

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤāϤে āχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি!

It is significantly bigger than the world's largest hot desert, the Sahara in Africa.

āχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻ—ā§°āĻŽ āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āφāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻ•াā§° āϚাāĻšাā§°াāϤāĻ•ৈ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻĄাāϙ⧰।

During winter (from March to August) at the South Pole, the sun does not rise above the horizon.

āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ āĻļীāϤāĻ•াāϞāϤ (āĻŽাā§°্āϚ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āφāĻ—āώ্āϟāϞৈ) āϏূā§°্āϝ āĻĻিāĻ—āύ্āϤ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞৈ āύুāĻ ে।

In summer (from September to February) the sun does not set for a long duration.

āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ (āĻ›েāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĢেāĻŦ্ā§°ুā§ąাā§°ীāϞৈ) āĻĻীā§°্āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏূā§°্āϝ āĻ…āϏ্āϤ āύাāϝাāϝ়।

About 98% of Antarctica is covered by a layer of ice which is over a mile deep.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§¯ā§Ž% āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻāϝোā§°া āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āϤ⧰āĻĒেā§°ে āφāĻŦৃāϤ āϝি āĻāĻ• āĻŽাāχāϞāϤāĻ•ৈāĻ“ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—āĻ­ীā§°।

It is also about 90% of world's ice.

āχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŽুāĻ  āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ⧝ā§Ļ%।

All that ice amounts to 70% of the world's fresh water.

āϏেāχ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āĻŽিāϞি āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āύিā§°্āĻŽāϞ āĻĒাāύীā§° ā§­ā§Ļ% āĻšāϝ়।

The average temperature in the interior of Antarctica is between -67° and -76° Fahrenheit.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰⧰ āĻ—āĻĄ় āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া -ā§Ŧā§­° ā§° āĻĒā§°া -ā§­ā§Ŧ° āĻĢাā§°েāύāĻšাāχāϟ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Antarctica's climate is inhospitable and therefore it has low biodiversity.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•ূāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āχāϝ়াā§° āϜৈā§ą āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ āĻ•āĻŽ।

However, several species of whale such as Blue Whale, Fin Whale, Humpback Whale and Sperm Whale are found in the sea around Antarctica.

āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āϏাāĻ—ā§°āϤ āĻŦ্āϞু āϤিāĻŽি, āĻĢিāύ āϤিāĻŽি, āĻšাāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻŦেāĻ• āϤিāĻŽি āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻĒাā§°্āĻŽ āϤিāĻŽি āφāĻĻি āĻ•েāχāĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āϜাāϤিā§° āϤিāĻŽি āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ়।

The most famous inhabitants of this icy desert are its penguins.

āĻāχ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻা āĻš'āϞ āĻĒেংāĻ—ুāχāύ।

Different species of penguins breed here.

āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜাāϤিā§° āĻĒেংāĻ—ুāχāύে āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāύ āϕ⧰ে।

Emperor penguins are the largest of all penguins.

āϏāĻŽ্ā§°াāϟ āĻĒেংāĻ—ুāχāύ (Emperor penguins) āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒেংāĻ—ুāχāύ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĄাāϙ⧰।

Penguins are flightless birds.

āĻĒেংāĻ—ুāχāύ āω⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া āϚ⧰াāχ।

They are not able to fly; their wings are developed for swimmimg rather than flying.

āϏিāĻšঁāϤ āω⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ়; āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āĻĄেāωāĻ•াāĻŦোā§° āω⧰াāϤāĻ•ৈ āϏাঁāϤোā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻšে āĻŦিāĻ•āĻļিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

They huddle together to escape the cruel wind of Antarctica and to conserve warmth.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āύিāώ্āĻ ুā§° āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻ•্āώা āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰ু āωāĻŽ āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϜুāĻŽ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Besides these, many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista and certain other animals such as mites, nematodes, seals and tardigrades etc., are found here.

āχāϝ়াā§° āωāĻĒā§°িāĻ“ āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻŦāĻšু āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻļেāϞাāχ, āĻŦেāĻ•্āϟেā§°িāϝ়া, āĻ­েঁāĻ•ুā§°, āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ, āĻĒ্ā§°āϟিāώ্āϟা āφ⧰ু āφāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āϝেāύে- āĻŽাāχāϟāĻ›, āύিāĻŽাāϟ'āĻĄ, āĻ›ীāϞ āφ⧰ু āϟাā§°্āĻĄিāĻ—্ā§°েāĻĄ āφāĻĻি āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ়।

Antarctica is such a continent that does not have any administrative unit.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻāύে āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āϝাā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āĻ—োāϟ āύাāχ।

Various countries have claimed parts of Antarctica but these claims are not always recognised by other countries.

āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻাāĻŦী āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāχ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϏāĻŽূāĻš āφāύ āĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšে āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে।

Antarctica is protected by the 'Antarctic Treaty'.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া 'āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ• āϚুāĻ•্āϤি'ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ।

This treaty prevents countries from claiming parts of Antarctica.

āĻāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻাāĻŦী āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻিāϝ়ে।

It was opened for signature on 1 December 1959 and officially came into force on 23 June 1961.

āχ ⧧⧝ā§Ģ⧝ āϚāύ⧰ ā§§ āĻĄিāϚেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°āϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώ⧰⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§§ āϚāύ⧰ ā§¨ā§Š āϜুāύāϤ āφāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

At the beginning, twelve countries signed the treaty.

āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖিāϤে āĻŦাā§°āĻ–āύ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώ⧰ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

As of 2019, there are 54 states party to the treaty.

⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āϚāύāϞৈāĻ•ে, āĻāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° ā§Ģā§Ē āĻ–āύ ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§° āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

This treaty also ensured that Antarctica could only be used for scientific purposes.

āĻāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াāĻ“ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻšে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāĻŦ।

Though it is the coldest place on earth in the contemporary times, researchers say that around 50 million years ago, temperatures in some parts of Antarctica could reach around 63° Fahrenheit or 17° Celsius.

āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻļীāϤāϞ āĻ াāχ, āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻ•āϝ় āϝে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āφāĻ—āϤে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ…ংāĻļā§° āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Ŧā§Š° āĻĢাā§°েāύāĻšাāχāϟ āĻŦা ā§§ā§­° āϚেāϞāĻ›িāϝ়াāĻ›āϞৈāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।

It is said that there was a temperate climate.

āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ় āϝে āϤাāϤ āύাāϤিāĻļীāϤোāώ্āĻŖ āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āφāĻ›িāϞ।

There were evergreen forests all around it and various kinds of animals also lived there.

āχāϝ়াā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āϚিā§°āϏেāωāϜীāϝ়া āĻ…ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤাāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীāĻ“ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

It was home to a rainforest at that time.

āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āχ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦā§°্āώাā§°āĻŖ্āϝ⧰ āϘ⧰ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

Unfortunately, in the course of time these were wiped out by lower temperatures and the formation of ice caps.

āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻļঃāϤ, āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āύিāĻŽ্āύ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āϤ⧰āĻĒ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāχāĻŦোā§° āύিঃāĻļেāώ āĻšৈ āĻ—'āϞ।

Scientists have proved this with evidence, such as fossils of ferns and forest creatures which are found in Antarctica.

āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āĻĢাā§°্āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻ…ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āϜীā§ąাāĻļ্āĻŽā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāχ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

Today Antarctica is a harsh place to survive in for its unimaginably cold temperature.

āφāϜি āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…āĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύীāϝ় āĻļীāϤāϞ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϜীāϝ়াāχ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āϤি āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ াāχ।

But adventurous people visit Antarctica via the Antarctic Peninsula.

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏী āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ• āωāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒā§° āĻŽাāϜেā§°ে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϞৈ āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে।

Antarctic Peninsula is also known as the Banana Belt.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ• āωāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻ• 'āĻŦাāύাāĻŖা āĻŦেāϞ্āϟ' (Banana Belt) āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āϜāύা āϝাāϝ়।

Tourists visit Antarctica during Antarctic summer.

āĻĒā§°্āϝāϟāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ• āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে।

Visitors to Antarctica always need a permit.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ…āύুāĻŽāϤি āĻĒāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ āĻšāϝ়।

Many people have explored Antarctica.

āĻŦāĻšু āϞোāĻ•ে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

To keep Antarctica pristine, a lot of rules are framed to ensure that nothing pollutes the environment of Antarctica.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāĻ• āύিā§°্āĻŽāϞ āϕ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ, āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϝাāϤে āĻ•োāύেāĻ“ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

Nobody can carry soil or growing compost to Antarctica because soil may contain plant seeds and other things like eggs or larvae of any soil dwelling invertebrates.

āĻ•োāύেāĻ“ āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϞৈ āĻŽাāϟি āĻŦা āϏাā§° āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻ—ুāϟি āφ⧰ু āφāύ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϝেāύে āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻ…āĻŽেā§°ুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻ•āĻŖী āĻŦা āĻĒāϞু āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

The tourists can't even take anything from Antarctica either.

āĻĒā§°্āϝāϟāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒā§°া āφāύāĻ•ি āĻāĻ•ো āϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻŦāĻ“ āύোā§ąাā§°ে।

Everyone loves having a memento for their travels.

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻ•েāχ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖā§° āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤিāϚিāĻš্āύ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒাāϝ়।

In Antarctica taking anything is banned.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāϤ āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϞোā§ąাāϟো āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ।

These include rocks, feathers, bones, eggs and any kind of biological material including traces of soil.

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻļিāϞা, āĻĒাāĻ–ি, āĻšাāĻĄ়, āĻ•āĻŖী āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϟিā§° āϚিāύāĻ•ে āϧ⧰ি āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϜৈā§ąিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ।

Sir James Clark Ross of Great Britain was one of the most famous explorers of Antarctica.

āĻ—্ā§°েāϟ āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟেāχāύ⧰ āĻ›াā§° āϜেāĻŽāĻ› āĻ•্āϞাā§°্āĻ• ā§°āĻ› āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ।

He is considered to be the first man to recognise Antarctica as a continent.

āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāĻ• āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Ronald Amundsen of Norway, Robert Falcon Scott of Great Britain, Sir Douglas Mawson of Australia, Sir Edmund Hillary of New Zealand are some of the explorers who ventured to step onto this icy landmass.

āĻ¨ā§°ā§ąেā§° ā§°োāύাāϞ্āĻĄ āφāĻŽুāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻ›েāύ, āĻ—্ā§°েāϟ āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟেāχāύ⧰ ā§°āĻŦাā§°্āϟ āĻĢাāϞāĻ•āύ āϏ্āĻ•āϟ, āĻ…āώ্āϟ্ā§°েāϞিāϝ়াā§° āĻ›াā§° āĻĄāĻ—āϞাāĻ› āĻŽāĻ›āύ, āύিāωāϜিāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻ›াā§° āĻāĻĄāĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻšিāϞাā§°ী āĻš'āϞ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāχ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ­ূāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāϤ āĻ–োāϜ āĻĒেāϞোā§ąাā§° āϏাāĻšāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

In present time, global warming is a burning problem.

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ—োāϞāĻ•ীāϝ় āωāώ্āĻŖāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻāϟা āϜāϞāύ্āϤ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা।

The effect of global warming on Antarctica is clearly seen.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—োāϞāĻ•ীāϝ় āωāώ্āĻŖāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে।

There has been a gradual rise in temperature of this vast land of ice in the last 50 years.

āϝোā§ąা ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻāχ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ­ূāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽাāύ্āĻŦāϝ়ে āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে।

Rise in temperature eventually may result in the melting of the Antarctic ice which will raise the global sea level.

āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āĻ—āϞি āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āϏাāĻ—ā§°ā§° āϜāϞāĻĒৃāώ্āĻ  āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ।

This may inundate the global coastline.

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞীāϝ় āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ āϜāϞāĻŽāĻ—্āύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

Antarctica is very dear to scientists who love our mother planet earth.

āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻ—্ā§°āĻš āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ• āĻ­াāϞāĻĒোā§ąা āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•া āĻ…āϤি āĻŽā§°āĻŽā§°।

It is important for science and is considered to be the biggest natural laboratory of the world.

āχ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§° āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Antarctica tells us about how our world works and the impact of human activities on the natural world.

āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāχ āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ•āϝ় āϝে āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ–āύে āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϜāĻ—āϤ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻ•াā§°্āϝāĻ•āϞাāĻĒā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি।

It is a unique record of what our planet's climate was like over the past one million years.

āχ āϝোā§ąা āĻĻāĻš āϞাāĻ– āĻŦāϛ⧰ āϧ⧰ি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāϟোā§° āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤাā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻ­িāϞেāĻ–।

We must walk hand in hand towards saving and protecting Antarctica which very few of us will ever visit but on whose good health the future of mankind depends.

āφāĻŽি āĻāύ্āϟাā§°্āĻ•āϟিāĻ•াāĻ• ā§°āĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĻিāĻļāϤ āĻšাāϤে āĻšাāϤ āϧ⧰ি āφāĻ—āĻŦাāĻĸ়িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ āϝ'āϞৈ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽেāχāĻšে āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϝাā§° āϏুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϜাāϤিā§° āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰ে।

2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ)

South Pole: one of the two locations on the surface of the earth which is the southern end of the globe (āĻ—্āϞ'āĻŦā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻāϟা)
Antarctic Circle: an imaginary circle parallel to the equator (āĻŦিāώুā§ą ā§°েāĻ–াā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤ⧰াāϞ āĻāĻ• āĻ•াāϞ্āĻĒāύিāĻ• āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ)
horizon: the line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet (āĻĻিāĻ—āύ্āϤ: āϝি ā§°েāĻ–াāϤ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ  āφ⧰ু āφāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽিāϞি āϝোā§ąা āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—ে)
biodiversity: the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat (āϜৈā§ą āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻŦা āĻ•োāύো āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ†ā§ąাāϏāϏ্āĻĨāϞীāϤ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ)
temperate climate: it is generally warm during summer and cold during winter (āύাāϤিāĻļীāϤোāώ্āĻŖ āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু: āχ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻ—ā§°āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻļীāϤāĻ•াāϞāϤ āϚেঁāϚা āĻšāϝ়)
peninsula: it is a landform surrounded by water on the majority of its border (āωāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒ: āχāϝ়াā§° āϏীāĻŽাāϤ āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĒাāύীā§°ে āφāĻŦৃāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāĻ• āĻ­ূāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄ)
inundate: to cover an area of land with a large amount of water (āϜāϞāĻŽāĻ—্āύ āϕ⧰া: āĻāĻ• āĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻĒাāύীā§°ে āĻ•োāύো āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĸাāĻ•ি āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা)
larvae: an insect at the stage when it has just come out of an egg and looks like a short fat worm (āĻĒāϞু: āĻāϟা āĻĒোāĻ• āϝি āĻ•āĻŖীā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ“āϞাāχ āĻ…āĻšাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϚুāϟি āĻļāĻ•āϤ āĻĒেāϞুā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়)
memento: a thing that one keeps or gives to somebody as a reminder of a place (āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤিāϚিāĻš্āύ)
invertebrate: an animal with no backbone (āĻ…āĻŽেā§°ুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী)

3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ)

continent: āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļ
southernmost: āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖā§°
imaginary: āĻ•াāϞ্āĻĒāύিāĻ•
rainfall: āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ
inhospitable: āĻŦাāϏোāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী āύোāĻšোā§ąা / āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•ূāϞ
windiest: āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦেāĻ›ি āĻŦāϤাāĻš āĻŦāϞা
precipitation: āĻŦā§°্āώāĻŖ
horizon: āĻĻিāĻ—āύ্āϤ
temperature: āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া
biodiversity: āϜৈā§ą āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ
inhabitants: āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻা
algae: āĻļেāϞাāχ
fungi: āĻ­েঁāĻ•ুā§°
nematodes: āύিāĻŽাāϟ'āĻĄ
treaty: āϚুāĻ•্āϤি
evidence: āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ
fossils: āϜীā§ąাāĻļ্āĻŽ
peninsula: āωāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒ
pristine: āύিā§°্āĻŽāϞ / āĻĒ্ā§°াāϚীāύ
compost: āϏাā§°
invertebrates: āĻ…āĻŽেā§°ুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী
unique: āĻ…āύāύ্āϝ
landmass: āĻ­ূāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄ
inundate: āϜāϞāĻŽāĻ—্āύ āϕ⧰া
coastline: āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞ

4. Comprehension Solutions

1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

a) Q: How many continents are there on the earth ? Write the names.
Ans: There are seven continents on the earth. They are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

b) Q: Where is Antarctica ?
Ans: Antarctica is on the South Pole, located at the bottom of the globe.

c) Q: What is a desert ?
Ans: A desert is a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it, characterized by extremely low precipitation.

d) Q: What are the most famous inhabitants of Antarctica ?
Ans: The most famous inhabitants of Antarctica are its penguins.

e) Q: What is precipitation ?
Ans: Precipitation is the amount of rain, snow, etc., that falls in an area.

f) Q: What is the largest hot desert of the world ?
Ans: The Sahara in Africa is the largest hot desert of the world.

2. Write about the Antarctic Treaty.

Ans: The Antarctic Treaty is a treaty that protects Antarctica and prevents countries from claiming parts of it. It ensures that Antarctica can only be used for scientific purposes. It was opened for signature on 1 December 1959 and officially came into force on 23 June 1961. As of 2019, 54 states are party to this treaty.

3. Arrange the order of the following words as you find them in a dictionary.

(continent, huddle, compost, evidence, inhospitable, circle, impact, escape, inhabitants, invertebrates)

Ans: circle, compost, continent, escape, evidence, huddle, impact, inhabitants, inhospitable, invertebrates.

4. Look at the word: southernmost (furthest south)

Now, write words which end in 'most' for the following.

  • a) innermost: nearest to the centre or inside of something
  • b) outermost: situated at the farthest possible point from the centre
  • c) backmost: furthest back
  • d) topmost: highest in rank
  • e) almost: nearly
  • f) utmost: most extreme
  • g) leftmost: farthest to the left
  • h) foremost: the most important or famous / in a position at the front

5. Activities Solutions & Grammar

Grammar Concept: Future Continuous Tense

The Future Continuous Tense is used to express an action that will be going on at a certain time in the future. We use 'will be' or 'shall be' with the '-ing' form of the verb.
Example: At this time tomorrow, I will be travelling to Guwahati.

Activity 1: Use the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets and rewrite the sentences.
  • i) Q: I (feel) cold now.
    Ans: I feel cold now.
  • ii) Q: This house (belong) to our uncle nowadays.
    Ans: This house belongs to our uncle nowadays.
  • iii) Q: I (wish) he will come soon.
    Ans: I wish he will come soon.
  • iv) Q: The girl (look) very happy; have you noticed her ?
    Ans: The girl looks very happy; have you noticed her?
  • v) Q: Nishanta (admire) Rina's intelligence since his childhood.
    Ans: Nishanta has admired Rina's intelligence since his childhood.
  • vi) Q: We (remember) his bravery till now.
    Ans: We remember his bravery till now.
  • vii) Q: I (understand) what he feels.
    Ans: I understand what he feels.
Activity 2: Rewrite the following sentences using the future continuous tense.
  • i) Q: Our teacher (teach) geography till next November.
    Ans: Our teacher will be teaching geography till next November.
  • ii) Q: The teacher (meet) the boy at this time tomorrow.
    Ans: The teacher will be meeting the boy at this time tomorrow.
  • iii) Q: Gunjan and Krishan (play) badminton at this time tomorrow.
    Ans: Gunjan and Krishan will be playing badminton at this time tomorrow.
  • iv) Q: My mother (write) the story till 10 o'clock tonight.
    Ans: My mother will be writing the story till 10 o'clock tonight.
  • v) Q: Meghna (leave) for Kolkata in an hour.
    Ans: Meghna will be leaving for Kolkata in an hour.

6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms

Phrasal Verbs (āĻĢ্ā§°েāϜেāϞ āĻ­াā§°্āĻŦ)

Get at [āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰া / āĻĸুāĻ•ি āĻĒোā§ąা]: The fox tried to get at the ripe grapes.
(āĻļিāϝ়াāϞāϟোā§ąে āĻĒāĻ•া āφāĻ™ুā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ (āĻŦা āĻĸুāĻ•ি āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ) āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।)

Get through [āĻļেāώ āϕ⧰া / āωāϤ্āϤীā§°্āĻŖ āĻšোā§ąা]: He got through the homework in time.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻŽāϤে āϘ⧰ুā§ąা āĻ•াāĻŽāĻ–িāύি āĻļেāώ āϕ⧰িāϞে।)

Get on [āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়া / āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ—āϤি āϕ⧰া]: We are getting on well with our studies.
(āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āĻļুāύাāϤ āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āφāĻ—āĻŦাāĻĸ়িāĻ›ো।)

Get away [āĻĒāϞাāχ āϏাā§°া / āφঁāϤ⧰ি āϝোā§ąা]: The thief got away safely.
(āϚোā§°āϟো āύিā§°াāĻĒāĻĻে āĻĒāϞাāχ āϏাā§°িāϞ।)

Idioms (āĻĢāϕ⧰া-āϝোāϜāύা / āϜāϤুā§ąা āĻ াঁāϚ)

At close quarters [āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤে]: They heard a hue and cry at close quarters.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤে āĻāϟা āĻšুāϞāϏ্āĻĨুāϞ āĻļুāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāϞে।)

At home [āĻĒāϟু āĻŦা āĻĻāĻ•্āώ]: He is at home in mathematics.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ—āĻŖিāϤāϤ āĻĒāϟু āĻŦা āĻĻāĻ•্āώ।)

At random [āϝাāĻĻৃāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে / āĻ•োāύো āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ]: He called out the names at random from the list.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāĻĻৃāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āύাāĻŽāĻŦোā§° āĻŽাāϤি āĻ—'āϞ।)

7. FAQs on the Chapter

Q. Why is Antarctica considered a desert?

Ans: Even though it is covered with ice, Antarctica is classified as a desert because it receives extremely low rainfall (precipitation). A desert is an area with very little water and very few plants.

Q. What is the Antarctic Treaty?

Ans: The Antarctic Treaty is an international agreement that protects Antarctica, preventing any country from claiming parts of it. It ensures that the continent is used strictly for peaceful, scientific purposes.

Q. What is the effect of global warming on Antarctica?

Ans: Global warming has caused a gradual rise in the temperature of Antarctica over the last 50 years. This could lead to the melting of the Antarctic ice, which will raise global sea levels and potentially inundate (flood) coastlines around the world.

Final Thoughts

We hope this detailed guide on Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English Lesson 8: Antarctica has been incredibly helpful for your studies. From the icy facts about the continent to the thorough grammar solutions, we have covered it all! Keep reading, stay curious, and if you have any questions, don't hesitate to leave a comment below.

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