Welcome to PoraGhar Axom! Here you will find the most accurate and complete solutions for Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English - Lesson 10: A Visit to Nainital. In this post, we provide a line-by-line Assamese translation, word meanings, textbook Q&A, Verb Forms, and detailed grammar explanations (Modal Auxiliaries, Phrasal Verbs & Idioms) along with special Study Tips to help you score 90%+ in your exams.
Table of Contents đ
- ► Quick Chapter Summary (āϏাā§°াংāĻļ)
- 1. Lesson Translation (āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ)
- 2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ)
- 3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ)
- 4. Comprehension Solutions & Verb Forms
- 5. Detailed Grammar & Usage (Modal Auxiliaries)
- 6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
- 7. Study Tips for Students (āĻĒāĻĸ়াā§° āĻিāĻĒāĻ)
- 8. FAQs on the Chapter
Did You Know? (āĻিāĻŦা āĻাāύাāύে?)
Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India, established in 1936! Jim Corbett, after whom the park is named, never killed animals for sport. He only hunted man-eating tigers and leopards to save the lives of innocent villagers.
đ Quick Chapter Overview
This chapter narrates Arpita's visit to Nainital, where she goes to the Jim Corbett National Park with her uncle. Her uncle shares the fascinating history of Jim Corbett, who was born in Nainital. Although known as a hunter who killed 33 notorious man-eating tigers and leopards (including the Champawat tiger and the Panar leopard), he was actually a great nature lover and conservationist. He hunted on foot, often with his dog Robin, and always ensured that no other animals were harmed unnecessarily. To honor his contribution to wildlife protection, India's oldest national park was named after him.
1. Lesson Text & Translation
Before you read:
Have you ever been to a hill station?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ীāϝ়া āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āϞৈ āĻৈāĻেāύে?
Have you ever visited a national park?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāϞৈ āĻৈāĻেāύে?
Do you know how many national parks are there in Assam?
āĻ
āϏāĻŽāϤ āĻিāĻŽাāύāĻāύ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ āĻāĻে āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻাāύেāύে?
Arpita is spending her summer vacation with her parents in Nainital.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤাāĻ āĻŽাāĻ-āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻā§° āϞāĻāϤ āύৈāύিāϤাāϞāϤ āĻ্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻাāϞ⧰ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻāĻাāĻāĻে।
Nainital is a popular hill station of Uttarakhand.
āύৈāύিāϤাāϞ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰াāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻāύāĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ীāϝ়া āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°।
It is one of the best hill stations in India and is famous for its various natural attractions.
āĻ āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻ āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ীāϝ়া āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ।
Arpita's maternal uncle Mr Aditya Sarma lives there with his family.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤাā§° āĻŽোāĻŽাāϝ়েāĻ āĻŽৃāĻŖাāϞ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϤাāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°ে।
He works at the Jim Corbett National Park.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে।
So Arpita and her parents are staying at his residence.
āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা āĻā§°ু āϤাāĻā§° āĻŽাāĻ-āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŦাāϏāĻā§ąāύāϤ āĻāϞāĻšী āĻšৈ āĻāĻে।
Arpita expresses her eagerness to visit the Jim Corbett National Park.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤাāĻ āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°াā§° āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে।
So her uncle takes her with her cousins to visit the park.
āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āϤাāĻā§° āĻŽোāĻŽাāϝ়েāĻে āϤাāĻāĻ āĻā§°ু āϤাāĻā§° āĻাāĻ-āĻāύীāĻšঁāϤāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāĻāύ āĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়।
As they go around the park, Mr Aditya Sarma shares a lot of information about the park and Jim Corbett with them.
āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāĻāύāϤ āĻূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ, āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽাāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāĻāύ āĻā§°ু āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻাāĻ-āĻŦāϤ⧰া āĻā§°ে।
Mr Aditya Sarma: Arpita, do you know that the Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India?
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা, āϤুāĻŽি āĻাāύাāύে āϝে āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ?
It was established in 1936 as the Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tigers.
āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤāĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āĻŦংāĻীāϝ় āĻŦাāĻāĻ āϏুā§°āĻ্āώা āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻāύāϤ āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻšেāĻāϞী ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
The park was renamed in 1954-55 as the Ramganga National Park and was again renamed in 1955-56 as the Corbett National Park.
⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ē-ā§Ģā§Ģ āĻāύāϤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāĻāύ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°ি ā§°াāĻŽāĻংāĻা ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ ā§°āĻা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ģ-ā§Ģā§Ŧ āĻāύāϤ āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻāϝ়াā§° āύাāĻŽ āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°ি āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ ā§°āĻা āĻšāϝ়।
This new name honours the well-known author and naturalist, Jim Corbett.
āĻāĻ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽāĻোā§ąে āϏুāĻĒā§°িāĻিāϤ āϞেāĻāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻāĻ āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻāύাāϝ়।
Arpita: Uncle, Jim Corbett was a hunter, wasn't he?
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āĻŽাāĻŽা, āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻিāĻাā§°ী āĻāĻিāϞ, āύāĻšāϝ় āĻাāύো?
Mr Aditya Sarma: Yes, you are right. But he is better known as a conservationist.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻšāϝ়, āϤুāĻŽি āĻ িāĻ āĻৈāĻা। āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻšিāĻাāĻĒেāĻšে āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϤ।
To tell the truth he was a nature lover.
āϏঁāĻাāĻৈ āĻ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ'āϞে āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤিāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽী āĻāĻিāϞ।
Jim was fascinated by the forests and wildlife around his home at an early age.
āĻিāĻŽ āϏ⧰ু āĻাāϞāϤেāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻā§°ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻĨāĻা āĻ ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°ু āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻā§°্āώিāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
Alone he spent nights in the jungle in order to become familiar with the creatures, their movements and habits.
āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীāĻŦোā§°, āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āĻাāϞ-āĻāϞāύ āĻā§°ু āϏ্āĻŦāĻাā§ąā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϤেāĻঁ āĻ āĻāϞāĻļā§°ে āĻšাāĻŦিāϤ ā§°াāϤি āĻāĻাāĻāĻিāϞ।
Arpita: Tell us about his life and his family.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻীā§ąāύ āĻā§°ু āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻোāύ।
Mr Aditya Sarma: Edward James Corbett or better known as Jim Corbett was born on 25 July, 1875 in the town of Nainital.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻāĻĄā§ąাā§°্āĻĄ āĻেāĻŽāĻ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻŦা āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āύাāĻŽেā§°ে āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ⧰ ā§§ā§Žā§ā§Ģ āĻāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ģ āĻুāϞাāĻāϤ āύৈāύিāϤাāϞ āĻāĻšā§°āϤ āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
His family was a large one. Jim's father was a postmaster in Nainital.
āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāĻো āĻāĻা āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻিāĻŽā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āύৈāύিāϤাāϞ⧰ āĻāĻāύ āĻĒোāώ্āĻāĻŽাāώ্āĻā§° āĻāĻিāϞ।
Jim lost his father when he was about six years old.
āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āĻāĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤেāĻ āĻিāĻŽে āύিāĻā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻāĻ āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāĻāĻিāϞ।
Jim Corbett died on 19 April, 1955 at the age of 79 in Kenya.
⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ģ āĻāύ⧰ ⧧⧝ āĻāĻĒ্ā§°িāϞāϤ ā§Ûš āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤ āĻেāύিāϝ়াāϤ āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়।
Arpita : What do you mean when you say that Jim Corbett was a conservationist ?
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāĻāύ āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻিāϞ āĻŦুāϞি āĻāĻঁāϤে āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻি āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻে?
Mr Aditya Sarma: It is rather uncommon to use the words hunter and conservationist to refer to the same person, but that's exactly what Jim Corbett was.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻāĻেāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻিāĻাā§°ী āĻā§°ু āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāĻা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°াāĻো āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাā§ąিāĻ, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤāϤে āϤেāύেāĻুā§ąাāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ।
He was a man who used his hunting prowess for the good of mankind.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻāύে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻিāϞ āϝিāϝ়ে āύিāĻā§° āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°া āĻĒাā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļিāϤা āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāĻাāϤিā§° āĻŽংāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Because of his close interaction with the wildlife, Jim Corbett became a good hunter and tracker.
āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāϤāĻĒ্ā§°োāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻĨāĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϞ āĻিāĻাā§°ী āĻā§°ু āĻĒāĻĻāĻিāĻš্āύ āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖāĻাā§°ী (tracker) āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞ।
He was a conservationist because he took active part in the protection of the environment.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻিāϞ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āϤেāĻঁ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏুā§°āĻ্āώাāϤ āϏāĻ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Arpita: A good tracker! What does it mean?
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϞ āĻ্ā§°েāĻাā§°! āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি?
Mr Aditya Sarma: Jim Corbett could locate the whereabouts of the tigers when he found their distinctive pug marks. So he was called a good tracker.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻে āĻŦাāĻā§° āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻোāĻā§° āĻিāύ āĻĻেāĻিāϞেāĻ āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϞ āĻ্ā§°েāĻাā§° āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
Arpita: Did he kill both tigers and leopards ?
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦাāĻ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻী āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻাāĻে āĻŽাā§°িāĻিāϞ āύেāĻি?
Mr Aditya Sarma: Yes. In one of his books he wrote about it.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻšāϝ়। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻিāϤাāĻĒāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϞিāĻিāĻিāϞ।
He found a major difference between tigers and leopards.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦাāĻ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻāĻা āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ।
According to him the tigers are easier of the two to track and shoot.
āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŽāϤে āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻā§°ু āĻুāϞীāĻā§ąা āϏāĻšāĻ।
When a tiger becomes a man-eater, it loses all fear of human beings.
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻা āĻŦাāĻ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻĨāĻা āϏāĻāϞো āĻāϝ় āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāĻ āĻĒেāϞাāϝ়।
As human beings move about more freely during the daytime than at night, a tiger is able to attack its victims at that time.
āϝিāĻšেāϤু āĻŽাāύুāĻšে ā§°াāϤিāϤāĻৈ āĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻাāĻāϤ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻŽুāĻ্āϤāĻাā§ąে āĻূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°ে, āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āĻŦাāĻ āĻāĻাāĻ āϏেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āύিāĻā§° āĻŦāϞিā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়।
On the other hand, a leopard, even after it has killed scores of human beings, never loses its fear of man.
āĻāύāĻšাāϤে, āĻāĻা āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻŽā§°াā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤো āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāϞৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻāϝ় āύেāĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāϝ়।
It is unwilling to face human beings in daylight.
āĻ āĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒোāĻšā§°āϤ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻীāύ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āύিāĻ্āĻুāĻ।
It secures its prey when they are moving about at night or by breaking into their houses at night.
āĻ ā§°াāϤি āĻূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°া āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻŦা ā§°াāϤি āĻā§°āϤ āϏোāĻŽাāĻ āύিāĻā§° āĻিāĻাā§° āϏংāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ে।
Arpita: Is it the habit of tigers and leopards to kill humans and become man-eaters?
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻŽā§°া āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻšোā§ąাāĻো āĻŦাāĻ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীā§° āϏ্āĻŦāĻাā§ą āύেāĻি?
Mr Aditya Sarma: According to Corbett, humans are not the natural prey of tigers.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻŽāϤে, āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻŦাāĻā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাā§ąিāĻ āĻিāĻাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়।
When Corbett analyzed the carcasses of the tigers that he had shot, he noticed that they were suffering from certain diseases or earlier unhealed wounds of gunshots or porcupine quills.
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻে āϤেāĻঁ āĻুāϞীāϝ়াāĻ āĻŽā§°া āĻŦাāĻāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŽā§°াāĻļ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āĻŽāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻোāύো ā§°োāĻāϤ āĻুāĻি āĻāĻিāϞ āĻŦা āĻāĻā§° āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻā§° āĻুāϞী āĻŦা āĻļিāϝ়াāϞāĻাঁāĻāĻā§° āĻাঁāĻāĻā§° āύুāĻļুāĻুā§ąা āĻাঁ āĻāĻিāϞ।
It is only when tigers become incapable through wounds or old age, they are compelled to become man-eaters.
āĻেā§ąāϞ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦাāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻাঁ āĻŦা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে, āϤেāϤিāϝ়াāĻšে āϏিāĻšঁāϤ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়।
Arpita: That's very interesting! Uncle, please tell us about Corbett's hunting experience.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা: āĻāĻāĻো āĻŦā§° āĻāĻŽোāĻĻāĻāύāĻ! āĻŽাāĻŽা, āĻ āύুāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ি āĻāĻŽাāĻ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻিāĻাā§°ā§° āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻāĻ।
Mr Aditya Sarma: Ok, my dear. I am going to tell you everything I know.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϝুāϤ āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ āĻļā§°্āĻŽা: āĻ িāĻ āĻāĻে āĻŽāĻāύা। āĻŽāĻ āĻāύা āϏāĻāϞো āĻāĻĨা āϤোāĻŽাāĻ āĻ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϞাāĻāĻো।
Corbett was often asked to kill man eating tigers and leopards by the government of United Provinces (which now comprises the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand).
āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে (āϝি āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻেāĻļ āĻā§°ু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰াāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§°াāĻ্āϝāĻ āϏাāĻŽā§°ি āϞৈāĻে) āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻŦাāĻ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻী āĻŽাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ।
He killed 33 man-eaters of which 19 were tigers and 14 were leopards between 1907 and 1938.
āϤেāĻঁ ⧧⧝ā§Ļā§ āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ž āĻāύ⧰ āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ ā§Šā§Š āĻা āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āĻŽাā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ ⧧⧝ āĻা āĻŦাāĻ āĻā§°ু ā§§ā§Ē āĻা āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻী āĻāĻিāϞ।
It also included the Champawat tiger which was responsible for 436 recorded deaths and the Panar Leopard which killed 400 people.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§ąāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻāĻোāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ āϝি ā§Ēā§Šā§Ŧ āĻāύ āϞোāĻā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়ী āĻāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻĒাāύাā§°ā§° āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীāĻো āϝিāϝ়ে ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļ āĻāύ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ āĻŽাā§°িāĻিāϞ।
The Leopard of Rudraprayag was said to be responsible for more than 126 deaths.
ā§°ুāĻĻ্ā§°āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়াāĻā§° āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীāĻো ⧧⧍ā§Ŧ āĻāύāϤāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ āϞোāĻā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়ী āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
Calculating the totals from these accounts, these big cats killed more than 1,200 men, women and children.
āĻāĻ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŽুāĻ āĻāĻŖāύা āĻā§°িāϞে āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ় āϝে āĻāĻ āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻŽেāĻুā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāϤিāĻŦোā§°ে ā§§,⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ āϤāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ, āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻā§°ু āĻļিāĻļুāĻ āĻšāϤ্āϝা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
When pursuing dangerous game, Corbett preferred to hunt alone and on foot.
āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ্āĻāύāĻ āĻিāĻাā§° āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ, āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻে āĻ āĻāϞāĻļā§°ে āĻā§°ু āĻোāĻāĻাāĻĸ়ি āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°াāĻো āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
He often hunted with Robin, a small dog, which he wrote about in 'Man-Eaters of Kumaon'.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে ā§°āĻŦিāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāĻা āϏ⧰ু āĻুāĻুā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ, āϝাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁ 'āĻŽেāύ-āĻāĻাā§°্āĻ āĻ ā§ą āĻুāĻŽাāϝ়ুāύ' (Man-Eaters of Kumaon) āύাāĻŽā§° āĻিāϤাāĻĒāĻāύāϤ āϞিāĻিāĻিāϞ।
The local people or the villagers of the specific areas always helped Corbett in stalking the big cats and in hunting them.
āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϞোāĻ āĻŦা āĻাঁā§ąā§° āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻāĻ āĻāĻ āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻŽেāĻুā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāϤিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏāύ্āϧাāύ āĻāϞিāĻā§ąাāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
In hunting man-eaters Corbett insisted on two conditions to be fulfilled by the local governments:
āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻোā§ąা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻে āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞāĻীāϝ়া āĻĻুāĻা āĻā§°্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিāĻিāϞ:
first, that official reward be withdrawn so that he wouldn't become known as a bounty-hunter of Indian wildlife
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāϤে, āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻĒুā§°āϏ্āĻাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে āϝাāϤে āϤেāĻঁ āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻĒুā§°āϏ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻিāĻাā§° āĻā§°া āĻিāĻাā§°ী (bounty-hunter) āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϤ āύāĻšāϝ়
and second, that other hunters be withdrawn so that he could avoid being accidentally shot at.
āĻā§°ু āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϤে, āĻāύ āĻিāĻাā§°ীāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে āϝাāϤে āϤেāĻঁ āĻুāϞāϤে āĻাā§°োāĻŦাā§° āĻুāϞীā§° āĻāĻাāϤ āĻĒোā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦাāĻি āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
The best way to appreciate and enjoy Corbett's adventures today is to read his books.
āĻāĻি āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦুāĻি āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒāĻোāĻ āĻā§°াā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻাāϞ āĻāĻĒাāϝ় āĻš'āϞ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻিāϤাāĻĒāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻĒāĻĸ়া।
[After roaming about for three hours, Arpita, along with her cousins and uncle, returns to her uncle's residence.]
[āϤিāύি āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°াā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ, āĻ ā§°্āĻĒিāϤা āϤাāĻā§° āĻাāĻ-āĻāύী āĻā§°ু āĻŽোāĻŽাāϝ়েāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽোāĻŽাāϝ়েāĻā§° āĻŦাāϏāĻā§ąāύāϞৈ āĻāĻāϤি āĻāĻšে।]
Some of Jim Corbett's books are: My India, The Jim Corbett Omnibus, The Temple Tiger and More Man-Eaters of Kumaon, Tree Tops, Jungle Lore, Man-Eaters of Kumaon, The Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag etc.
āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻā§° āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻিāϤাāĻĒ āĻš'āϞ: āĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϝ়া, āĻĻ্āϝ āĻিāĻŽ āĻā§°্āĻŦেāĻ āĻ āĻŽāύিāĻŦাāĻ, āĻĻ্āϝ āĻেāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ āĻাāĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻŽ'ā§° āĻŽেāύ-āĻāĻাā§°্āĻ āĻ ā§ą āĻুāĻŽাāϝ়ুāύ, āĻ্ā§°ী āĻāĻĒāĻ, āĻংāĻāϞ āϞ'ā§°, āĻŽেāύ-āĻāĻাā§°্āĻ āĻ ā§ą āĻুāĻŽাāϝ়ুāύ, āĻĻ্āϝ āĻŽেāύ-āĻāĻিং āϞেāĻĒাā§°্āĻĄ āĻ ā§ą ā§°ুāĻĻ্ā§°āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়াāĻ āĻāĻĻি।
2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ)
3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ)
4. Comprehension Solutions & Verb Forms
a) Q: What is Nainital and where is it?
Ans: Nainital is a popular hill station and it is located in Uttarakhand.
b) Q: Where does Mr Aditya Sarma work?
Ans: Mr Aditya Sarma works at the Jim Corbett National Park.
c) Q: Which is the oldest National Park in India?
Ans: The Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India.
d) Q: When and where was Jim Corbett born?
Ans: Jim Corbett was born on 25 July, 1875 in the town of Nainital.
e) Q: What was Corbett's father?
Ans: Corbett's father was a postmaster in Nainital.
f) Q: When and where did Corbett die?
Ans: Jim Corbett died on 19 April, 1955 at the age of 79 in Kenya.
Ans: According to Corbett, tigers are easier to track and shoot because when a tiger becomes a man-eater, it loses all fear of humans and attacks during the daytime. On the other hand, a leopard never loses its fear of man and is unwilling to face humans in daylight; it secures its prey at night.
Ans: Corbett insisted on two conditions: first, that the official reward be withdrawn so he wouldn't become known as a bounty-hunter; and second, that other hunters be withdrawn so he could avoid being accidentally shot at.
- Proper Nouns: Arpita, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, Aditya Sarma, Jim Corbett National Park, Jim Corbett, Kenya.
- Common Nouns: vacation, parents, hill station, uncle, family, park, tiger, leopard.
| Present | Past | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| fascinate | fascinated | fascinated |
| establish | established | established |
| lose | lost | lost |
| die | died | died |
| become | became | become |
| move | moved | moved |
| secure | secured | secured |
| break | broke | broken |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| notice | noticed | noticed |
| cause | caused | caused |
| compel | compelled | compelled |
| consider | considered | considered |
| prefer | preferred | preferred |
| hunt | hunted | hunted |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
5. Detailed Grammar & Usage (Modal Auxiliaries)
Grammar Concept: Modal Auxiliaries (āĻŽ'āĻĄেāϞ āĻ āĻ্āϏিāϞিāϝ়াā§°ী)
1. The use of 'might':
āĻāĻŽি āĻ āύুāĻŽāϤি āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ, āϏāĻŽ্āĻাā§ąāύা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ 'might' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) Might I use your mobile? (āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŽ'āĻŦাāĻāϞāĻো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁāύে? - āĻ āύুāĻŽāϤি)
- ii) He might have lost the way to the library. (āϤেāĻঁ āĻšāϝ়āϤো āĻĒুāĻĨিāĻঁā§°াāϞāϞৈ āϝোā§ąা ā§°াāϏ্āϤা āĻĒাāĻšā§°ি āĻৈāĻে। - āϏāĻŽ্āĻাā§ąāύা)
- iii) You might go through this book for your assignment. (āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻāĻাāĻāύāĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ āĻিāϤাāĻĒāĻāύ āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°া। - āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ)
2. The use of 'could':
āĻāĻŽি āϏাāĻŽā§°্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'could' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) He could play well. (āϤেāĻঁ āĻাāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻেāϞিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻিāϞ। - āϏাāĻŽā§°্āĻĨ্āϝ)
- ii) Could you help me in searching my lost watch? (āĻŽোā§° āĻšেā§°ুā§ąা āĻāĻĄ়ীāĻো āĻŦিāĻā§°াāϤ āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽোāĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦাāύে? - āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ)
3. The use of 'would':
āĻāĻŽি āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ 'would' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) Would you lend me your book for two days? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽোāĻ āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻিāϤাāĻĒāĻāύ āĻĻুāĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϧাā§°āϞৈ āĻĻিāĻŦাāύে? - āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ)
- ii) Would you like to have a cup of tea with me? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽোā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻāĻাāĻĒ āĻাāĻš āĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻাāϞ āĻĒাāĻŦাāύে? - āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ)
- iii) My grandfather would walk for an hour in the morning. (āĻŽোā§° āĻāĻাāĻে ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়িāĻিāϞ। - āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ)
4. The use of 'shall' and 'will':
āĻāĻŽি āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āϏংāĻāϞ্āĻĒ, āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤি, āĻāĻĻেāĻļ āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻŦুāĻি āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ 'shall' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) Our soldiers shall save the country. (āĻāĻŽাā§° āϏৈāύ্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āĻĻেāĻļāĻāύ ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻŦāĻ। - āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āϏংāĻāϞ্āĻĒ)
- ii) Ritika shall get a beautiful present from me on her birthday. (ā§°িāϤিāĻাāĻ āϤাāĻā§° āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻĻিāύāϤ āĻŽোā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻা āϧুāύীāϝ়া āĻāĻĒāĻšাā§° āĻĒাāĻŦ। - āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤি)
- iii) You shall obey your teachers' orders. (āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āĻāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽাāύি āĻāϞিāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। - āĻāĻĻেāĻļ)
- iv) Everyone of the group shall suffer for their misdeeds. (āĻোāĻāĻোā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻেāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻুāĻ āĻোāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। - āĻাāĻŦুāĻি)
āĻāĻŽি āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āϏংāĻāϞ্āĻĒ, āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'will' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) We will save our country. (āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĻেāĻļ ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻŽেāĻ। - āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āϏংāĻāϞ্āĻĒ)
- ii) She will watch TV for many hours at a stretch. (āϤাāĻ āĻāĻেā§°াāĻšে āĻŦāĻšু āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻিāĻি āĻাāĻŦ। - āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ)
- iii) Will you help me in baking a cake? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽোāĻ āĻেāĻ āĻŦāύোā§ąাāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻŦাāύে? - āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ)
5. The use of 'need':
āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ়āϤা āĻŦা āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'need' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) You need not come here. (āϤুāĻŽি āĻāϝ়াāϞৈ āĻ āĻšাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āύাāĻ। - āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা)
- ii) You need not go there. (āϤুāĻŽি āϤাāϞৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āύাāĻ। - āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা)
- iii) Need you go there? (āϤুāĻŽি āϤাāϞৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āĻāĻেāύে? - āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা)
6. The use of 'dare':
āĻāĻŽি āϏাāĻšāϏ āĻā§°ু āĻং āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'dare' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) I dare not approach my father. (āĻŽāĻ āĻŽোā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাā§° āĻāĻā§°āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āϏাāĻšāϏ āύāĻā§°োঁ। - āϏাāĻšāϏ)
- ii) Dare you face him? (āϤুāĻŽি āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻীāύ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϏাāĻšāϏ āĻā§°িāĻŦাāύে? - āϏাāĻšāϏ)
- iii) How dare you touch my drawer? (āĻŽোā§° āĻĄ্ā§°āϝ়াā§°āĻো āĻুāĻŦāϞৈ āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻি āϏাāĻšāϏ? - āĻং)
7. The use of 'ought to':
āĻāĻŽি āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻā§°ু āύৈāϤিāĻ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'ought to' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ:
- i) You ought to respect your elders. (āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻ্āϝেāώ্āĻ āϏāĻāϞāĻ āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻā§°া āĻāĻিāϤ। - āύৈāϤিāĻ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা)
- ii) You ought to watch this good film. (āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻ āĻাāϞ āĻিāύেāĻŽাāĻāύ āĻোā§ąা āĻāĻিāϤ। - āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ)
- iii) You oughtn't to drive so fast. (āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাāύ āĻোā§°েā§°ে āĻাāĻĄ়ী āĻāϞোā§ąা āĻāĻিāϤ āύāĻšāϝ়। - āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ)
- iv) Ought I to write to say thank you? (āĻŽāĻ āϧāύ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāύাāĻŦāϞৈ āϞিāĻা āĻāĻিāϤ āύেāĻি? - āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻŦিāĻā§°া)
8. The use of 'used to':
āĻāĻŽি āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'used to' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ।
- i) I used to go for a morning walk near the river. (āĻŽāĻ āύāĻĻীā§° āĻĒাā§°āϤ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞো। - āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ)
- ii) She used not to tell a lie ever in life. (āϤাāĻ āĻীā§ąāύāϤ āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻŽিāĻা āĻāĻĨা āύোāĻোā§ąাā§° āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻāĻিāϞ। - āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ)
- iii) Used you to go for a regular walk in your college days? (āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻāϞেāĻীāϝ়া āĻĻিāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āύিāϝ়āĻŽীāϝ়াāĻৈ āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞাāύে? - āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ)
- i) Q: We _____ help the poor and the needy. (moral obligation)
Ans: We ought to help the poor and the needy. - ii) Q: My grandmother _____ read newspapers in the morning. (past habit)
Ans: My grandmother used to (or would) read newspapers in the morning. - iii) Q: He _____ swim in the hazardous river of his village when he was in school. (courage)
Ans: He dared swim in the hazardous river of his village when he was in school. - iv) Q: We _____ read good books. (necessity)
Ans: We need to (or must) read good books. - v) Q: _____ I sit near you? (permission)
Ans: Might I sit near you? - vi) Q: _____ you lend me some money? (request)
Ans: Would (or Could) you lend me some money? - vii) Q: The king _____ go for hunt to the remote jungles of his territory. (past habit)
Ans: The king used to (or would) go for hunt to the remote jungles of his territory. - viii) Q: I _____ help you in your need. (promise)
Ans: I will (or shall) help you in your need. - ix) Q: My sister _____ munch on chips and chocolates while watching TV. (habit)
Ans: My sister will munch on chips and chocolates while watching TV. - x) Q: Everyone _____ abide by the order of their captain. (command)
Ans: Everyone shall abide by the order of their captain.
6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
Phrasal Verbs (āĻĢ্ā§°েāĻেāϞ āĻাā§°্āĻŦ)
Go by [āĻŽাāύি āĻāϞা]: I must go by the advice of my parents.
(āĻŽāĻ āĻŽোā§° āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻāĻĒāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽাāύি āĻāϞিāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ।)
Hand Over [āĻāϤাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া]: The thief was handed over to the police.
(āĻোā§°āĻোāĻ āĻā§°āĻ্āώীā§° āĻšাāϤāϤ āĻāϤাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।)
Hang up [āĻāϞোāĻŽাāĻ āĻĨোā§ąা]: The headmaster asked the peon to hang up the notice on the wall.
(āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻে āĻĒিāϝ়āύāĻāύāĻ āĻাāύāύীāĻāύ āĻŦেā§°āϤ āĻāϞোāĻŽাāĻ āĻĨ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ।)
Hold back [āϞুāĻুā§ąাāĻ ā§°āĻা]: Don't hold back the secret from me.
(āĻŽোā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻোāĻĒāύ āĻāĻĨাāĻো āϞুāĻুā§ąাāĻ āύাā§°াāĻিāĻŦা।)
Idioms (āĻĢāĻā§°া-āϝোāĻāύা / āĻāϤুā§ąা āĻ াঁāĻ)
At sixes and sevens [āĻেāϞিāĻŽেāϞিāĻৈ]: The toys were lying at sixes and sevens on the floor.
(āĻেāϞāύাāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāĻিāϝ়াāϤ āĻেāϞিāĻŽেāϞিāĻৈ āĻĒā§°ি āĻāĻিāϞ।)
At the eleventh hour [āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšূā§°্āϤāϤ]: The doctor came to the patient at the eleventh hour.
(āĻিāĻিā§āϏāĻāĻāύ āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšূā§°্āϤāϤ ā§°োāĻীāĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ।)
Bad blood [āĻļāϤ্ā§°ুāϤা āĻŦা āĻŦেāϝ়া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ]: Now there is bad blood between the two friends.
(āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻĻুāĻāύ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻļāϤ্ā§°ুāϤা āĻŦা āĻŦেāϝ়া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻāĻে।)
7. Study Tips for Students (āĻĒāĻĸ়াā§° āĻিāĻĒāĻ) đ✨
-
ā§§. āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻোā§° 'āĻাā§ą'ā§° (Feeling) āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ:
āĻŽ'āĻĄেāϞāĻŦোā§°ে āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻāĻা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻā§ąেāĻ āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ়āϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে (āϝেāύে- āĻ āύুāĻŽāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে might āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে used to)। āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻোā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻি āĻĒাāϞে āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻŽ'āĻĄেāϞ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°াāĻো āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে āϏāĻšāĻ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে। -
⧍. āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞāĻীāϝ়া āĻŽূāϞ āϝোā§°াāϏāĻŽূāĻš (Key Pairings):
• 'Ought to' āĻā§°ু 'Should'-āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āĻāĻে āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে (āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻŦা āĻā§°্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ)।
• 'Could' āϏāĻĻাāϝ় 'Can'-ā§° āĻ āϤীāϤ ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻšāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াāĻ āύāĻŽ্ā§°āϤাā§°ে āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ (polite requests) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়। -
ā§Š. āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻ
āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻā§°āĻ:
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻো āĻŽ'āĻĄেāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĻিāύāĻোā§° āĻāĻোāĻা āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āϏংāϝোāĻ āĻā§°ি āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻā§°āĻ। āϝেāύে: "I used to play cricket in school." āύিāĻā§° āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāĻŦোā§° āϏোāύāĻাāϞে āĻŽāύāϤ āĻĨাāĻে!
8. FAQs on the Chapter
Q. Why is the oldest national park in India named after Jim Corbett?
Ans: The park was named after Jim Corbett to honor him. Even though he hunted man-eating tigers and leopards to save villagers, he was actually a great conservationist and nature lover who worked to protect wildlife.
Q. What was the major difference Jim Corbett found between tigers and leopards?
Ans: Corbett noticed that a man-eating tiger loses all its fear of human beings and attacks them during the daytime. However, a leopard never loses its fear of humans and usually attacks at night or by breaking into houses.
Q. What is a Modal Auxiliary?
Ans: A modal auxiliary is a type of helping verb that is used to express ability, possibility, permission, or obligation. Examples include can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must.
Final Thoughts
We hope these complete Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English Lesson 10 notes were super helpful for you! The story of Jim Corbett teaches us to respect wildlife, while the grammar section builds your foundation in English writing. Keep practicing the exercises, follow the study tips, and if you have any questions, feel free to drop a comment below!
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