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Class 7 English - Lesson 7: Marie Curie


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Did You Know? (āĻ•িāĻŦা āϜাāύাāύে?)

Marie Curie is the first woman in history to win a Nobel Prize, and she is the ONLY person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields (Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911)!

📖 Quick Chapter Overview

This chapter is a biography of the legendary scientist Marie Curie. Born in Poland, she faced many hardships under Russian rule. Because women couldn't enroll in regular universities, she studied at a secret 'Flying University' before moving to Paris. She worked tirelessly, surviving on very little, and eventually married Pierre Curie. Together, they discovered Polonium and Radium, leading to her winning two Nobel Prizes. During WWI, she helped wounded soldiers using portable X-ray machines. She died from illness caused by long-term exposure to radiation, leaving behind a legacy as one of the greatest scientists ever.

1. Lesson Text & Translation

Before you read:

Do you know the name of the Indian scientist who got the Nobel Prize in physics?
āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āύ'āĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϜāύ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āϜাāύেāύে?

Do you know the name of the India-born scientist who got the Nobel Prize in chemistry?
āφāĻĒুāύি ā§°āϏাāϝ়āύ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āύ'āĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϜāύ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āϜাāύেāύে?

"The use of X-rays during war saved the lives of many wounded men; it also saved many from long suffering and lasting infirmity." - Marie Curie
"āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻāĻ•্āϏ-ā§°েā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āφāĻšāϤ āϞোāϕ⧰ āϜীā§ąāύ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ; āχ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻĻীā§°্āϘāĻĻিāύীāϝ়া āĻ•āώ্āϟ āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻ“ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।" - āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ী

Marie Curie was born Maria Salomea Sklodowska on 7 November, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, when it was under the control of the Russian Empire.

āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§­ āϚāύ⧰ ā§­ āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°āϤ āĻĒোāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° ā§ąাā§°্āĻ›āϤ, āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়া āϚাāϞোāĻŽিāϝ়া āϏ্āĻ•্āϞ'āĻĄ'āĻ­āϏ্āĻ•া āύাāĻŽেā§°ে, āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āχ ā§°াāĻ›িāϝ়াāύ āϏাāĻŽ্ā§°াāϜ্āϝ⧰ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

She was the fifth and the youngest child of the family.

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āĻĒāĻž্āϚāĻŽ āφ⧰ু āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āϏ⧰ু āϏāύ্āϤাāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

Her parents were well-known teachers.

āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃ āϏুāĻĒā§°িāϚিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ।

The family lost its property and fortunes because of their patriotic involvements in the revolt which was aimed at restoring Poland's independence.

āĻĒোāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϘূā§°াāχ āĻ…āύাā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦিāĻĻ্ā§°োāĻšāϤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāϟোā§ąে āύিāϜ⧰ āϏা-āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϧāύ-āĻĻৌāϞāϤ āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāχāĻ›িāϞ।

Even Maria's father was fired from his job for being a Polish.

āφāύāĻ•ি āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ•āĻ•ো āĻāϜāύ āĻĒ'āϞিāϚ (āĻĒোāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āύাāĻ—ā§°িāĻ•) āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚাāϕ⧰িā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦā§°্āĻ–াāϏ্āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

So Maria and her siblings had to face many difficulties in getting ahead in life.

āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ­াāχ-āĻ­āύীāϏāĻ•āϞে āϜীā§ąāύāϤ āφāĻ—āĻŦাāĻĸ়ি āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻ…āϏুāĻŦিāϧাā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻš'āĻŦāϞāĻ—ীāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

Maria's father Wladyslaw Sklodowski taught mathematics and physics.

āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻĒিāϤৃ āĻ­্āϞাāĻĄিāĻ›āϞাāĻ­ āϏ্āĻ•্āϞ'āĻĄ'āĻ­āϏ্āĻ•িāϝ়ে āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻĒāĻĸ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ।

He was also the director of two Warsaw gymnasia (schools) for boys.

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϞ'ā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĨāĻ•া āĻĻুāĻ–āύ ā§ąাā§°্āĻ› āϜিāĻŽāύেāĻ›িāϝ়া (āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়)ā§° āϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāĻ•ো āφāĻ›িāϞ।

After the Russian authorities removed laboratory instruction from the Polish schools, he brought most of the laboratory equipment home and told his children about their use.

ā§°াāĻ›িāϝ়াāύ āϕ⧰্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āĻĒ'āϞিāϚ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφঁāϤ⧰াāχ āĻĒেāϞোā§ąাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°ā§° āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āϏঁāϜুāϞি āϘ⧰āϞৈ āϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϞ'ā§°া-āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীāĻ• āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ।

Maria liked some of these equipment very much.

āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াāχ āχāϝ়াā§°ে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āϏঁāϜুāϞি āĻŦā§° āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ।

Her father informed her that these equipment related to the experiments done in physics.

āϤাāχ⧰ āĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ•ে āϤাāχāĻ• āϜāύাāχāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻāχ āϏঁāϜুāϞিāĻŦোā§° āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•িāϤ।

Maria's mother Bronislawa ran a prestigious Warsaw boarding school for girls before Maria's birth.

āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽā§° āφāĻ—āϤে āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻŦ্ā§°āύিāĻļ্āϞাāĻ­াāχ āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽā§°্āϝাāĻĻাāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ā§ąাā§°্āĻ› āĻŦোā§°্āĻĄিং āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āϚāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ।

After Maria was born she resigned from the post.

āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āχāϏ্āϤāĻĢা āĻĻিāϝ়ে।

When Maria was just 10 years old her mother Bronislawa died.

āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻŦ্ā§°āύিāĻļ্āϞাāĻ­াā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়।

After her mother's death Maria attended the boarding school of J. Sikorska.

āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াāχ āϜে. āĻ›িāĻ•োā§°āϏ্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦোā§°্āĻĄিং āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে।

Next she attended a gymnasium (school) for girls and from there she graduated (to complete a course of education at high school) on 12 June 1883 with a gold medal at the age of 16.

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤাāχ āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীā§° āĻāĻ–āύ āϜিāĻŽāύেāĻ›িāϝ়াāĻŽāϤ (āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ) āύাāĻŽāĻ­ā§°্āϤি āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤ ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Š āϚāύ⧰ ⧧⧍ āϜুāύāϤ āϏোāĻŖā§° āĻĒāĻĻāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ• (āωāϚ্āϚ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤ) āĻšāϝ়।

She was unable to enrol in a regular institution of higher education because she was a woman.

āϤাāχ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āωāϚ্āϚ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϤ āύাāĻŽāĻ­ā§°্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āĻ•্āώāĻŽ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

So she and her sister Bronislawa became involved with the clandestine Flying University.

āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āϤাāχ āφ⧰ু āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦাāϝ়েāĻ• āĻŦ্ā§°āύিāĻļ্āϞাāĻ­া āĻ—োāĻĒāύ 'āĻĢ্āϞাāχং āχāωāύিāĻ­াā§°্āϚিāϟি'ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।

It was a Polish patriotic institution of higher learning that admitted women students.

āχ āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒ'āϞিāϚ āĻĻেāĻļāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āωāϚ্āϚ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āύাāĻŽāĻ­ā§°্āϤিā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ।

In late 1891 Maria left Poland for France.

ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§§ āϚāύ⧰ āĻļেāώ⧰ āĻĢাāϞে āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াāχ āĻĒোāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻā§°ি āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏāϞৈ āϝাāϝ়।

In France Maria was known as Marie.

āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏāϤ āĻŽাā§°িāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŽেā§°ী āύাāĻŽেā§°ে āϜāύা āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ।

In Paris she stayed with her sister and brother-in-law for some days.

āĻĒেā§°িāĻ›āϤ āϤাāχ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻĻিāύ āĻŦাāϝ়েāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ­িāύিāϝ়েāϕ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

Then she rented a garret near the University of Paris.

āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤাāχ āĻĒেā§°িāĻ› āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āĻāϟা āĻ›াāĻĻā§° āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāĻ া (garret) āĻ­াāĻĄ়াāϞৈ āϞāϝ়।

She studied physics, chemistry and mathematics at the University of Paris.

āϤাāχ āĻĒেā§°িāĻ› āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, ā§°āϏাāϝ়āύ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

She focused so hard on her studies that sometimes she even forgot to eat.

āϤাāχ āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āĻļুāύাāϤ āχāĻŽাāύেāχ āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āϤাāχ āĻ–াāĻŦāϞৈāĻ•ো āĻĒাāĻšā§°ি āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ।

She studied during the day and tutored in the evening only to earn her keep.

āϤাāχ āĻĻিāύāϤ āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ–ā§°āϚ āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—āϧূāϞি āϟিāωāϚāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

In 1893 she was awarded a degree in physics and began work in an industrial laboratory of Professor Gabriel Lippman.

ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Š āϚāύāϤ āϤাāχāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āĻĄিāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āϤাāχ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻ—েāĻŦ্ā§°িāϝ়েāϞ āϞিāĻĒāĻŽেāύ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻ”āĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—িāĻ• āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰ে।

She continued her study at the University of Paris and earned a second degree in 1894.

āϤাāχ āĻĒেā§°িāĻ› āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ ā§°াāĻ–ে āφ⧰ু ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ē āϚāύāϤ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϟো āĻĄিāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻ…ā§°্āϜāύ āϕ⧰ে।

Marie met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics, France in 1894.

āĻŽেā§°ীāϝ়ে ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ē āϚāύāϤ āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏ⧰ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ…ā§ą āĻĢিāϜিāĻ•্āϏ⧰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻĒিāϝ়েā§° āĻ•ুā§°ীāĻ• āϞāĻ— āĻĒাāϝ়।

On 26 July 1895 she married him.

ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ģ āϚāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ŧ āϜুāϞাāχāϤ āϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšāĻĒাāĻļāϤ āĻ†ā§ąāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϝ়।

It is a very interesting fact that Marie wore a dark blue outfit instead of a bridal gown on her wedding day.

āĻāχāϟো āĻ…āϤি āφāĻŽোāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨা āϝে āĻŽেā§°ীāϝ়ে āĻŦিāϝ়াā§° āĻĻিāύা āĻŦিāϝ়াā§° āĻ—াāωāύ⧰ āϏāϞāύি āĻāϟা āĻĄাāĻ  āύীāϞা ā§°āϙ⧰ āϏাāϜ āĻĒিāύ্āϧিāĻ›িāϞ।

This served her for many years as a laboratory outfit later.

āϝিāϟোā§ąে āĻĒিāĻ›āϞৈ āĻŦāĻšুāĻŦāϛ⧰ āϧ⧰ি āϤাāχ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°ā§° āϏাāϜ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

In 1897 their first daughter Irine was born.

ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§­ āϚāύāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āύ্āϝা āφāχ⧰িāύ⧰ āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻšāϝ়।

Irine also proved herself to be a famous physicist later.

āφāχ⧰িāύেāĻ“ āĻĒিāĻ›āϞৈ āύিāϜāĻ•ে āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

In 1906 Marie's husband Pierre Curie was killed in Paris after accidentally stepping in front of a horse drawn wagon.

⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ŧ āϚāύāϤ āĻĒেā§°িāĻ›āϤ āφāĻ•āϏ্āĻŽিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āϘোঁā§°া-āĻ—াāĻĄ়ী āĻāĻ–āύ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–āϤ āĻĒā§°ি āĻŽেā§°ীā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āĻĒিāϝ়েā§° āĻ•ুā§°ীā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়।

Marie succeeded her husband as the Head of the Physics Laboratory at Sorbonne University.

āĻŽেā§°ীāϝ়ে āϚ⧰āĻŦāύ (Sorbonne) āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°ā§° āĻŽুā§°āĻŦ্āĻŦী āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āύিāϜ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে।

She was the first female professor of that institution.

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏেāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ।

The Curies carried out most of their research work under a shed next to the School of Physics.

āĻ•ুā§°ী āĻĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻŖাā§° āĻ•াāĻŽ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ…ā§ą āĻĢিāϜিāĻ•্āϏ⧰ āĻ•াāώ⧰ āĻāϟা āϚাāϞিā§° āϤāϞāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

This shed was poorly ventilated and not even waterproof.

āĻāχ āϚাāϞিāĻ–āύāϤ āĻŦāϤাāĻš āϚāϞাāϚāϞ⧰ āϏু-āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āύাāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āχ āφāύāĻ•ি āĻĒাāύী āϏোāĻŽাāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া āĻŦিāϧ⧰ো āύাāĻ›িāϞ।

Marie Curie's efforts with her husband led to the discovery of polonium and radium.

āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϕ⧰া āĻĒ্ā§°āϚেāώ্āϟাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤেāχ āĻĒ'āϞ'āύিāϝ়াāĻŽ āφ⧰ু ā§°েāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§° āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

She discovered radioactivity as well as radioactive elements like polonium and radium.

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤেāϜāϏ্āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤে āĻĒ'āϞ'āύিāϝ়াāĻŽ āφ⧰ু ā§°েāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽā§° āĻĻā§°ে āϤেāϜāϏ্āĻ•্āϰিāϝ় āĻŽৌāϞ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

Marie and her husband named polonium after Marie's native country, Poland.

āĻŽেā§°ী āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāϝ়ে āĻŽেā§°ীā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻĒোāϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি āĻĒ'āϞ'āύিāϝ়াāĻŽā§° āύাāĻŽ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻ›িāϞ।

She also conducted her own experiments on X-ray.

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ•্āϏ-ā§°েā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤো āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা-āύিā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϚāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ।

Later during World War I (1914-1918) Marie Curie devoted her time and resources helping the wounded people using portable X-ray machines.

āĻĒিāĻ›āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ (⧧⧝⧧ā§Ē-ā§§ā§¯ā§§ā§Ž) āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীāϝ়ে āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āύিāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻ•্āϏ-ā§°ে āĻŽেāϚিāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āφāĻšāϤ āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ•াāĻŽāϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

In 1903 Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in physics along with her husband and another scientist named Henry Becquerel for their work on radioactivity.

⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Š āϚāύāϤ āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āφ⧰ু āĻšেāύ⧰ী āĻŦেāĻ•ুā§°েāϞ āύাāĻŽā§° āφāύ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤেāϜāϏ্āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻ•াāĻŽā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āύ'āĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰ে।

In 1911 Marie won her second Nobel Prize in chemistry for her discovery of radium and polonium.

⧧⧝⧧⧧ āϚāύāϤ āĻŽেā§°ীāϝ়ে ā§°েāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ'āϞ'āύিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§°āϏাāϝ়āύ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϤ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϟো āύ'āĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰ে।

While receiving the award, she shared the honour with her late husband in the acceptance lecture.

āĻŦঁāϟা āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ­াāώāĻŖāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়াāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীā§° āϏৈāϤেāĻ“ āĻāχ āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻ­াāĻ—-āĻŦāϤ⧰া āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win the award twice in two separate sciences.

āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ী āύ'āĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āφ⧰ু āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϤ āĻĻুāĻŦাā§°āĻ•ৈ āĻāχ āĻŦঁāϟা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।

Marie Curie died on 4 July, 1934 of aplastic anemia, which was believed to be caused by prolonged exposure to radiation.

ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ē āϚāύ⧰ ā§Ē āϜুāϞাāχāϤ āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীā§° āĻāĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟিāĻ• āĻāύিāĻŽিāϝ়া (aplastic anemia) ā§°োāĻ—āϤ āφāĻ•্ā§°াāύ্āϤ āĻšৈ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়, āϝিāϟো āĻĻীā§°্āϘāĻĻিāύ āϧ⧰ি āĻŦিāĻ•িā§°āĻŖā§° āϏংāϏ্āĻĒā§°্āĻļāϤ āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦুāϞি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

She used to carry test tubes containing radium in the pocket of her laboratory coat.

āϤাāχ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°ā§° āĻ•োāϟ⧰ āϜāĻĒāϤ ā§°েāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻĨāĻ•া āϟেāώ্āϟ āϟিāωāĻŦ āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āϞৈ āĻĢুā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।

This took a toll on her health.

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϤাāχ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāύāϤি āϘāϟিāĻ›িāϞ।

Marie Curie is still remembered as a leading figure in science and a role model for women.

āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ীāĻ• āφāϜিāĻ“ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ⧰ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āφāĻ—āĻļাā§°ীā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻĻā§°্āĻļ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻŽā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Several educational and research institutions and medical centres including the Curie Institute and Pierre and Marie Curie University are named after this famous couple.

āĻ•ুā§°ী āχāύāώ্āϟিāϟিāωāϟ āφ⧰ু āĻĒিāϝ়েā§° āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻŽেā§°ী āĻ•ুā§°ী āχāωāύিāĻ­াā§°্āϚিāϟিāĻ•ে āϧ⧰ি āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāĻ–āύো āĻļৈāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻŖা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āφ⧰ু āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°ā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻāχ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤীā§° āύাāĻŽেā§°ে ā§°āĻ–া āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

In 1937, Eve Curie, Marie's second daughter wrote a biography named Madame Curie devoted to her famous mother.

ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§­ āϚāύāϤ āĻŽেā§°ীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ•āύ্āϝা āχāĻ­ āĻ•ুā§°ীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে 'āĻŽেāĻĄাāĻŽ āĻ•ুā§°ী' (Madame Curie) āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāĻ–āύ āϜীā§ąāύী āϞিāĻ–িāĻ›িāϞ।

2. Word Notes (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ)

gymnasia: Gymnasium is a school in Germany, Scandinavia, or central Europe that prepares pupils for university entrance. (āϜিāĻŽāύেāĻ›িāϝ়া - āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϝিāϝ়ে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰ে)
Flying University: It was an undergraduate educational enterprise that operated from 1885 to 1905 in Warsaw. (āĻĢ্āϞাāχং āχāωāύিāĻ­াā§°্āϚিāϟি - ā§ąাā§°্āĻ›āϤ āϚāϞি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāύুāώ্āĻ াāύ)
aplastic anemia: It is the deficiency of all types of blood cell caused by failure of bone marrow development. (āĻāĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟিāĻ• āĻāύিāĻŽিāϝ়া - ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻ•āĻŖিāĻ•াā§° āĻ…āĻ­াā§ąāϜāύিāϤ ā§°োāĻ—)
take a toll: To cause damage or deleterious effects gradually or through constant action or use. (āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϤি āϕ⧰া / āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা)
garret: a room or unfinished part of a house under the roof (āĻ›াāĻĻā§° āϤāϞ⧰ āϏ⧰ু āĻ•োāĻ া)

3. Remember the Words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ)

property: āϏা-āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি
involvements: āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া / āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ
clandestine: āĻ—োāĻĒāύ
research: āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻŖা
gymnasia: āϜিāĻŽāύেāĻ›িāϝ়া (āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়)
laboratory: āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ—াā§°
equipment: āϏঁāϜুāϞি
experiments: āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা-āύিā§°ীāĻ•্āώা
prestigious: āĻŽā§°্āϝাāĻĻাāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ
resigned: āχāϏ্āϤāĻĢা āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ
graduated: āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ
institution: āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ
involved: āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ
patriotic: āĻĻেāĻļāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽāĻŽূāϞāĻ•
tutored: āϟিāωāϚāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ
physicist: āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻĻ
bridal: āĻŦিāϝ়াā§°
wedding: āĻŦিāϝ়া
ventilated: āĻŦāϤাāĻš āϚāϞাāϚāϞ⧰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĨāĻ•া
discovery: āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°
radium: ā§°েāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽ
acceptance: āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ
radiation: āĻŦিāĻ•িā§°āĻŖ
polonium: āĻĒ'āϞ'āύিāϝ়াāĻŽ
aplastic: āĻāĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟিāĻ•

4. Comprehension Solutions

1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

a) Q: When and where was Marie Curie born?
Ans: Marie Curie was born on 7 November, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland.

b) Q: What was Marie Curie's birth name?
Ans: Marie Curie's birth name was Maria Salomea Sklodowska.

c) Q: What did Marie's father teach?
Ans: Marie's father, Wladyslaw Sklodowski, taught mathematics and physics.

d) Q: Where did Marie and her elder sister Bronislawa involve themselves for higher education?
Ans: Marie and her sister Bronislawa involved themselves with the clandestine Flying University for higher education.

e) Q: When and in which fields was Marie Curie awarded the Nobel Prize?
Ans: Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903, and her second Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911.

f) Q: Name the biography of Marie Curie. Who wrote this biography?
Ans: The biography of Marie Curie is named "Madame Curie". It was written by Eve Curie, her second daughter.

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.
  • a) Q: Maria's father was the director of two Warsaw ____ for boys.
    Ans: Maria's father was the director of two Warsaw gymnasia for boys.
  • b) Q: Maria studied physics, chemistry and mathematics at ____.
    Ans: Maria studied physics, chemistry and mathematics at the University of Paris.
  • c) Q: Maria married ____.
    Ans: Maria married Pierre Curie.
  • d) Q: Marie succeeded her husband as the Head of the Physics Laboratory at the ____.
    Ans: Marie succeeded her husband as the Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne University.
  • e) Q: Marie and her husband named ____ after Marie's native country, Poland.
    Ans: Marie and her husband named polonium after Marie's native country, Poland.
3. Look at the following example and try to fill in the blanks.

Example: The people of Poland are called the Polish

  • i) Q: The people of England are called ____
    Ans: The people of England are called the English.
  • ii) Q: The people of Ireland are called ____
    Ans: The people of Ireland are called the Irish.
  • iii) Q: The people of Sweden are called ____
    Ans: The people of Sweden are called the Swedish (or the Swedes).
  • iv) Q: The people of Great Britain are called ____
    Ans: The people of Great Britain are called the British.

5. Activities Solutions & Grammar

Grammar Concept: Parts of Speech (āĻĒāĻĻ)

  • Noun (āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ): āϝি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻ াāχ āĻŦা āĻ—ুāĻŖā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়।
    Example: girl, water, courage, Marie.
  • Verb (āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া): āϝি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻŦা āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়।
    Example: go, eat, comfort, study.
  • Adjective (āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ): āϝি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun ā§° āĻĻোāώ, āĻ—ুāĻŖ, āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়।
    Example: good, brave, successful, tall.
  • Adverb (āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া-āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ): āϝি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ Verb, Adjective āĻŦা āφāύ āĻāϟা Adverb ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰ে āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļেāώাāϝ়িāϤ āϕ⧰ে।
    Example: quickly, successfully, very, today.
Activity 1: Use the following words as noun, verb, adjective and adverb in your own sentences.

1. comfort:

  • Noun: She loves to live in comfort.
  • Verb: I tried to comfort the crying child.
  • Adjective: This chair is very comfortable.
  • Adverb: He is sleeping comfortably.

2. courage:

  • Noun: He showed great courage in the battle.
  • Verb: I will encourage him to study hard.
  • Adjective: The soldier was very courageous.
  • Adverb: She fought courageously against the disease.

3. honour:

  • Noun: It is a great honour to meet you.
  • Verb: We must honour our freedom fighters.
  • Adjective: He is an honourable man.
  • Adverb: She was honourably discharged from the army.

4. success:

  • Noun: Hard work is the key to success.
  • Verb: He will succeed in his exams.
  • Adjective: They are running a successful business.
  • Adverb: She successfully completed the project.
Activity 2: Combine the following pairs of sentences using appropriate correlatives.
  • i) Q: Leela is intelligent. Her sister is more intelligent than her.
    Ans: Leela is not so intelligent as her sister.
  • ii) Q: The police reached the place. The thief ran away.
    Ans: No sooner had the police reached the place than the thief ran away.
  • iii) Q: The Prime Minister entered the conference hall. The delegates stood up.
    Ans: No sooner did the Prime Minister enter the conference hall than the delegates stood up.
  • iv) Q: My mother finished cooking. The guests arrived.
    Ans: Scarcely had my mother finished cooking before the guests arrived.
  • v) Q: He may come here tonight. I am not sure about it.
    Ans: I don't know whether he will come here tonight or not.
  • vi) Q: The candidate was not smart. The interviewer thought him to be smart.
    Ans: The candidate was not such a smart boy as the interviewer thought.
  • vii) Q: The stranger arrived at the gate. The dog started barking.
    Ans: No sooner had the stranger arrived at the gate than the dog started barking.
  • viii) Q: She is very busy. I am not so busy.
    Ans: I am not so busy as she is.
  • ix) Q: The teacher asked the student a question. The student promptly answered.
    Ans: No sooner had the teacher asked the student a question than the student promptly answered.

6. Phrasal Verbs & Idioms

Phrasal Verbs (āĻĢ্ā§°েāϜেāϞ āĻ­াā§°্āĻŦ)

Cry out [āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āϚিāĻžā§°া]: The boy cried out for help.
(āϞ'ā§°াāϟোā§ąে āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āϚিāĻžā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।)

Draw back [āĻĒিāĻ›ুā§ąাāχ āϝোā§ąা]: The army is now drawing back.
(āϏেāύাāĻĻāϞ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒিāĻ›ুā§ąাāχ āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে।)

Drive away [āĻ–েāĻĻি āĻĒāĻ িāĻ“ā§ąা]: The cow drove away the flies from its body with the help of its tail.
(āĻ—ā§°ুāϟোā§ąে āύেāϜ⧰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ—াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŽাāĻ–িāĻŦোā§° āĻ–েāĻĻি āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ।)

Fall out [āĻ•াāϜিāϝ়া āϕ⧰া]: The two brothers fell out for the jumping ball.
(āϜাঁāĻĒ āĻŽā§°া āĻŦāϞāϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻুāϝ়ো āĻ­াāχ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻ•াāϜিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।)

Idioms (āĻĢāϕ⧰া-āϝোāϜāύা / āϜāϤুā§ąা āĻ াঁāϚ)

At a loss [āĻ•িংāĻ•āϰ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦিāĻŽূāĻĸ় āĻšোā§ąা]: He was at a loss and asked for help from me.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•িংāĻ•āϰ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦিāĻŽূāĻĸ় āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŽোā§° āĻĒā§°া āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।)

At a stretch [āĻāĻ•েā§°াāĻšে]: He can study for two to three hours at a stretch.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ•েā§°াāĻšে āĻĻুāχ-āϤিāύি āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।)

At beck and call [āφāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏাāϜু āĻĨāĻ•া]: He is always at his teacher's beck and call.
(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āύিāϜ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āφāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏাāϜু āĻĨাāĻ•ে।)

7. Writing Activity

Notice Writing

i) You are the president of the Literary Club of your school. Draft a notice informing the students about an inter-school quiz competition which will be held in your school.

NOTICE
(Literary Club)
[Your School Name, Your City]

It is hereby notified that an inter-school quiz competition is going to be held in our school on 15 September, 2026. Students from classes VI to XII are eligible to participate. The selection for the school team will be held on 5 September, 2026 at 1:00 p.m. in the school auditorium. Interested students must submit their names to the undersigned by 3 September, 2026.

[Your Name]
President, Literary Club
28 August, 2026

ii) You are the sports secretary of your school. Draft a notice to inform the students about an inter-school cricket tournament which will be organised by your school.

NOTICE
(Sports Club)
[Your School Name, Your City]

This is to inform all the students that our school is going to organize an inter-school cricket tournament starting from 10 November, 2026. The selection trials for our school's cricket team will take place on 2 November, 2026 at 3:30 p.m. on the school ground. Interested students from classes VIII to XII should submit their names to the undersigned latest by 30 October, 2026.

[Your Name]
Sports Secretary
25 October, 2026

8. FAQs on the Chapter

Q. Who was Marie Curie?

Ans: Marie Curie was a world-famous scientist born in Poland who moved to France. She is known for her groundbreaking work in radioactivity and the discovery of elements like polonium and radium.

Q. Why did Marie Curie win two Nobel Prizes?

Ans: She won her first Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) along with her husband Pierre Curie and Henry Becquerel for their work on radioactivity. She won her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) for discovering radium and polonium.

Q. What was the 'Flying University' mentioned in the chapter?

Ans: The 'Flying University' was a clandestine (secret) Polish patriotic institution of higher learning in Warsaw that allowed women to study, as they were not permitted in regular universities at that time.

Final Thoughts

Marie Curie's incredible dedication to science, despite facing extreme difficulties, is a true inspiration for all of us! We hope these Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Class 7 English Lesson 7 notes have helped you understand her life story and master the grammar concepts. Keep studying hard, and if you have any questions, feel free to drop a comment below!

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